• QuickRead Top Story - Valuation/Appraisal

    The Unit of Valuation Principle for Property Tax Purposes: When to Apply

    August 6, 2025

    This second of a five-article installment discusses the application of the unit valuation principle. Guidance is provided for when to apply the unit of valuation principle. Read Part I here. Introduction This discussion is the second installment of a five-part series related to unit principle valuations prepared for property tax compliance, administration, and controversy purposes. As was introduced in the first installment, the unit principle is often applied to collectively value a large assemblage (or a unit) of taxpayer property. This principle is typically applied to value complex, utility-type property that is physically, functionally, and economically integrated. Unit Valuation Principle…

  • QuickRead Top Story - Valuation/Appraisal

    Factors to be Considered in Setting Compensation: Legal Cases and Statutory Factors Used to Assess the Reasonableness of Compensation

    August 6, 2025

    U.S. courts have established multiple factors and guidelines to assess reasonableness in compensation. This article reviews the factors and statutory criteria used to assess the reasonableness of compensation. Determining reasonable compensation for shareholder employees in closely held companies remains a key concern for businesses, valuation professionals, and forensic accountants. U.S. courts, particularly the Tax Court, have established multiple factors and guidelines to assess reasonableness in compensation, most notably detailed in the cases of Mayson Manufacturing Co. v. Commissioner (1949) and Elliotts, Inc. v. Commissioner (1984). The 6th Circuit Court’s opinion in Mayson Manufacturing includes the following description of key factors:…

  • QuickRead Top Story - Valuation/Appraisal

    The Unit of Valuation Principle for Property Tax Purposes: Applications: (Part I of V)

    July 30, 2025

    This is the first article of a five-installment discussion that will summarize the application of the unit valuation principle. As will be described, a unit principle valuation is not a business valuation. However, business valuation analysts are often more comfortable with the development of unit principle valuations than are real estate or personal property appraisers. Introduction This five-installment discussion will summarize the application of the unit valuation principle. As will be described, a unit principle valuation is not a business valuation. However, business valuation analysts (hereinafter “analysts”) are often more comfortable with the development of unit principle valuations than are…

  • Case Law - QuickRead Top Story

    Legal Update: July 2025 | Core Finance Team Affiliates, LLC v. Maine Medical Center—The Distinction Between Quantum Meruit and Unjust Enrichment

    July 30, 2025

    What is the difference between a claim of quantum meruit and unjust enrichment? This very issue was addressed in Core Finance Team Affiliates, LLC v. Maine Medical Center and is discussed in this article. The legal profession is famously hidebound; for goodness’ sake, they still where robes and wigs in English courts. As a result, they still throw around many Latin phrases, which can lead to confusion. In Core Finance Team Affiliates, LLC v. Maine Medical Center, 2024 ME 78, 2024 Me. LEXIS 85 (November 26, 2024), the Maine Supreme Court addressed the distinction between two contract-like remedies: quantum meruit…

  • Litigation Consulting - QuickRead Top Story - Valuation/Appraisal

    Unimpeachable AI Guardrails: Ethical AI Parameters for Valuation Professionals

    July 23, 2025

    In the world of valuation, particularly at the intersection of professional judgement and AI, this 21st article of the Unimpeachable Neutrality Series begs the question now facing us: what kind of AI guardrails should exist? And how do we keep them from becoming runaway lanes, or worse, launchpads, into unintended consequences? There is something charming about a good guardrail. Whether you are navigating the hairpin curves of a West Virginia backroad or the shifting terrain of emerging technologies, there is comfort in knowing you will not plummet into the ravine of professional ruin, so long as the guardrail holds. This…

  • Financial Forensics - Litigation Consulting - QuickRead Top Story

    The Evolution of Fraudulent Schemes: Increased Misuse and Sophistication of AI to Commit Digital Fraud

    July 16, 2025

    The level of sophistication used by fraudsters continues to increase. Fraudsters are using voice recognition and voice swapping, as well as other generative AI tools that continue to evolve. It is critical to constantly reassess internal controls and understand how AI is used and misused. In this article, the author shares some of the schemes used and issues a challenge to entities as well as to accounting and fraud examiners. At this point, the idea of artificial intelligence (AI) generating content is nothing new. You have likely seen plenty of videos and pictures of AI-generated content on Facebook, YouTube, etc.…

  • Practice Management - QuickRead Top Story

    Marketing Isn’t About Us: It’s About Them

    July 16, 2025

    What is the purpose of marketing? While credentials are helpful, the profession needs to reevaluate the strategies used. In this article, Rod Burkert reminds us of what the profession may consider to market the services effectively. Have you wondered why it’s getting harder to reach the leads and prospects we want to sell to and serve? What if almost everything we’ve considered to be marketing … is wrong? Let me give you a bit of history. We first complained about certain valuation organizations’ very existence. The IBA came first. Then the ASA. Apparently two organizations was all the industry needed.…

  • Healthcare - QuickRead Top Story

    Healthcare Spending Projected to Exceed $8.5 Trillion by 2033: Healthcare Cost Drivers

    July 9, 2025

    CMS found that overall healthcare spending growth has decreased slightly but is still elevated compared to pre-pandemic levels and is expected to continue to moderately grow. This article examines the factors underlying the forecasts. On June 25, 2025, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) released its forecast on U.S. healthcare spending through 2033. The analysis, published in Health Affairs, estimated healthcare spending growth in 2024 and projected the growth into 2033. CMS found that overall healthcare spending growth has decreased slightly but is still elevated compared to pre-pandemic levels, and is expected to continue to moderately grow. This…

  • Financial Forensics - QuickRead Top Story

    Recalibrating the Destabilized U.S. Property Insurance Industry: Navigating Climate Risks, Financial Forensics, and Innovative Solutions

    July 9, 2025

    Forensic accounting plays a crucial role in modernizing climate risk insurance models. As climate change intensifies extreme weather events, insurers are struggling to accurately price risk, detect fraudulent claims, and maintain financial stability. This article explores how fraud, forensic accounting, and innovative risk management practices intersect with these challenges, while examining alternatives to traditional property insurance and the global implications of climate change. The effects of global warming and climate change are increasingly evident, with extreme weather events, rapid-onset, and slow-onset, wreaking havoc across the globe. In the United States, localized catastrophes like hurricanes, wildfires, and flooding have led to…

  • Healthcare - QuickRead Top Story

    The Perfect Healthcare Storm: Budget Cuts, Payment Freezes, and Tariffs

    July 2, 2025

    In an attempt to continue tracking the latest actions of the federal government’s legislative and executive branches affecting the healthcare industry since the last article was released in March, this article summarizes recent events in Washington and the impact of these changes on providers and patients. During the early months of the Republican Party’s government trifecta (controlling the White House, Senate, and House of Representatives), both the Trump Administration and Congress have laid the groundwork for seismic change to the U.S. healthcare industry. In an attempt to continue tracking the latest actions of the federal government’s legislative and executive branches…

  • QuickRead Top Story - Valuation/Appraisal

    Tariffs and Uncertainty: Dissecting the Impact on Valuation Drivers

    July 2, 2025

    What impact, if any, will the imposition of tariffs have on the valuation of assets? How will the imposition of tariffs impact modeling? In this article, the author shares his thoughts on the various factors and industries that valuation professionals must weigh to prepare a valuation. Economic Uncertainty in Valuation Economic uncertainty arises when key macroeconomic indicators—such as GDP growth, interest rates, and fiscal policies—become unpredictable. This unpredictability reduces the accuracy of forecasts and limits visibility into future performance. For valuation professionals, it complicates the modeling of cash flows and expands the range of reasonable valuation outcomes, making assessments more…

  • QuickRead Top Story - Valuation/Appraisal

    Essential Factors in Deciding: Whether to Establish an ESOP

    June 25, 2025

    Not all companies are fit for an ESOP. The decision to create an ESOP is a significant one, and it requires careful evaluation beyond enthusiasm or the appeal of tax deferral. Two critical considerations stand out when evaluating whether to move forward: (1) independence of the valuation expert, and (2) whether the company is operationally, financially, and structurally suited for ESOP ownership. The author discusses the consequences of sponsoring an ESOP. For many closely held business owners, the question of succession planning often leads to consideration of an Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP). ESOPs offer a unique structure that allows…

  • Litigation Consulting - QuickRead Top Story

    Why Strong Internal Controls Are Essential: For Preventing Fraud and Driving Business Growth

    June 25, 2025

    The importance of strong internal controls cannot be overstated. They form the foundation for financial integrity, operational efficiency, regulatory compliance, and, ultimately, long-term business success. This article explores how strong internal controls not only safeguard against fraud but also serve as a catalyst for business growth and sustainability. In today’s fast-paced and evolving business environment, the importance of strong internal controls cannot be overstated. Most business owners and managers associate internal controls with fraud prevention and detection. However, effective internal controls serve a much broader purpose. They form the foundation for financial integrity, operational efficiency, regulatory compliance, and, ultimately, long-term…

  • Litigation Consulting - QuickRead Top Story - Valuation/Appraisal

    Exploring the Narcissist’s Playbook of Financial Games: From a Forensic Expert’s Perspective

    June 17, 2025

    The authors share personal stories regarding the challenges they have faced in cases that involve people with diagnosed and undiagnosed narcissists disorders. Men and women with this disorder are especially challenging and the authors share what they have learned to mitigate the damage a person with this disorder may have in a case. My (Michele’s) path into the world of divorce finance did not begin with spreadsheets, balance sheets, or courtrooms—it began with my own personal experience. Like many others in this field, my journey was shaped by real-world challenges, which gave me the passion and drive to help others.…

  • Practice Management - QuickRead Top Story

    How Do You Come Up with a Price? It is About Solving the Dollar Value Problem

    June 17, 2025

    How do you price your business valuation engagement? What about a litigation support engagement? In this article, Rod Burkert discusses how to value your professional engagements. Let’s talk pricing. Specifically, why do we struggle to price the value of a business valuation? Or a forensic accounting assignment? Or the mother of all unknowns, a litigation support project? What makes, say, a $10,000 engagement worth $10,000? Let me give you two reasons why it is not worth $10,000. Your Hours Worked It is not worth $10,000 if you base your price/client cost on the number of hours you estimate it will…

  • Litigation Consulting - QuickRead Top Story

    Calculating Personal Damages: A Review of the U.S. Supreme Court’s Pfeifer Decision

    June 11, 2025

    For those interested in working in the personal damages area, a review of the U.S. Supreme Courts’ Pfeifer decision is essential. It provides a great outline as to what the courts expect from an expert’s work. This article reviews the Pfeifer decision and the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals’ Culver II decision, which expands on the definitions for discounting methods approved by the U.S. Supreme Court.   The field of litigation support provides a wide range of options for accounting and financial experts to work. Opportunities abound for work in the fields of commercial damages, business bankruptcy, and divorce. The…

  • QuickRead Top Story - Valuation/Appraisal

    The Macroeconomics of U.S. Tariffs, Global Retaliation, and Shifting Trade Dynamics: Impact on Business Valuations

    June 11, 2025

    Tariffs have long served as a tool for national governments to protect domestic industries, correct trade imbalances, or as leverage in international negotiations. This article explores the cascading impacts of recent U.S. tariffs and reciprocal trade barriers on U.S. goods and services. Tariffs have long served as a tool for national governments to protect domestic industries, correct trade imbalances, or as leverage in international negotiations. The United States, as the world’s largest economy, holds a central role in shaping global trade norms. In recent years, particularly following the 2016 presidential election, the U.S. adopted a more protectionist stance, introducing a…

  • Litigation Consulting - QuickRead Top Story

    From Forecast to Flawed Assumptions and a Speculative Basis: Court Dismisses Accounting Expert’s Testimony in Packaging Lawsuit

    June 4, 2025

    Daubert motions are commonly raised to exclude experts. In this article, the author underscores the importance of questioning a client’s representations and documenting the basis for damages calculations. The failure to do so exposes the expert to challenges on the basis that the opinion is flawed because it is based on speculation and questionable assumptions. Bon Appetit Danish and Bon Appetit Specialty Snacks, renowned for their baked goods across Los Angeles and beyond, sought to streamline their packaging process through automation. The goal was to modernize the wrapping of items like donuts, muffins, breads, and cakes using advanced equipment. In…

  • Financial Forensics - QuickRead Top Story

    The Value of Simple Analytics in Financial Investigations: A Case Study

    June 4, 2025

    In this article, the author uses a case study to explore how forensic accountants used analytics to identify discrepancies in financial records and support financial investigations. Introduction While we traditionally think of forensic accounting as the specialized area of accounting that focuses primarily on the investigation of financial crimes, forensic accountants are also well equipped to help companies untangle financial records when a company suspects financial records are not properly reflected due to errors. Regardless of the nature of the engagement, the use of analytics can help the forensic accounting professional identify areas to investigate and can provide an indication…

  • Case Law - QuickRead Top Story

    Legal Update: May 2025 | Galiotos v. Galiotos—The Tale of a Sibling Feud

    May 28, 2025

    This legal update provides a summary of how the trial and appellate courts addressed a dispute amongst siblings that were co-trustees of trusts holding commercial real estate assets. The case provides valuation and litigation support professionals an opportunity to assess what has happened when an impasse of this nature results in litigation. “If you ever start feeling like you have the goofiest, craziest, most dysfunctional family in the world, all you have to do is go to a state fair. Because five minutes at the fair, you’ll be going, ‘You know, we’re alright. We are dang near royalty.’” (Comedian Jeff…