• Unimpeachable Neutrality vs. Hardboiled Myths: A Direct Response to Hardball with Hitchner Issue 65/66
    Litigation Consulting - QuickRead Top Story - Valuation/Appraisal

    Unimpeachable Neutrality vs. Hardboiled Myths

    May 7, 2026

    A Direct Response to Hardball with Hitchner Issue 65/66 James Hitchner’s March/April 2026 issue of Hardball with Hitchner, which opens with what it calls Myth 39, devoted a substantial part to criticizing my article “Unimpeachable Substance and Principles: Business Valuation Standards and the Substance and Principles of USPAP,” published in NACVA QuickRead on March 12, 2026. I appreciate the attention. Criticism from a visible platform is an opportunity, and I intend to use it fully. James Hitchner’s March/April 2026 issue of Hardball with Hitchner, which opens with what it calls Myth 39, devoted a substantial part to criticizing my article…

  • QuickRead Top Story - Valuation/Appraisal

    The Bankability Method

    April 22, 2026

    Ensuring SBA 7(a) Financing Success to Close a Small Business Sale The bankability method is an approach the author has developed using the income method of valuation, primarily for companies valued at $5 million and below, to assess the business can be financed under SBA 7(a) and sold. In the articles, the author describes the method and reasons for it being used. The bankability method is an approach I use under the income method of valuation, primarily for companies valued at $5 million and below. These businesses are typically sold to individual buyers—often solo entrepreneurs—who rely on bank financing, most…

  • QuickRead Top Story - Valuation/Appraisal

    Are We Taking Our Net Working Capital Calculations Seriously Enough?

    April 15, 2026

    In an economic environment where supply shocks and inflation are either not risks or pressing concerns, changes in net working capital receive limited attention. However, where supply shocks and or inflation are real risks, analysts must reassess traditional views to understand net working capital is fluctuating and what strategy management is espousing, along with the risks those strategies bring. In this article, the author invites readers to reassess their views on the implications of changes in net working capital. To answer this question, a brief review is helpful. Working capital (total current assets – total current liabilities) is an accounting…

  • QuickRead Top Story - Valuation/Appraisal

    Direct Capitalization Methodology

    April 1, 2026

    And Mid-Period Adjustment to the Capitalization Rate In this article, the author reviews why and how the direct capitalization rate is derived. Income Approach Overview Pursuant to valuation theory, there are three main valuation approaches: the income approach, the cost approach, and the market approach. The income approach is a general way of determining a value indication of a business, business ownership interest, security, or asset using one or more methods that convert anticipated economic benefits into value. Thus, under the income approach, value is measured as the present worth of anticipated future net cash flows generated by the business,…

  • Litigation Consulting - QuickRead Top Story - Valuation/Appraisal

    Unimpeachable Substance and Principles

    March 11, 2026

    Business Valuation Standards and the Substance and Principles of USPAP In this 25th article of the Unimpeachable Neutrality series, the author wants to make a case that he believes is both technically accurate and practically necessary: the business valuation standards of NACVA, ASA, and the AICPA do not merely conform to the substance and principles of USPAP in a passive or derivative sense. They are built upon those principles, share the same foundational architecture, and in the specific context of business valuation, complement USPAP’s framework with discipline-specific structure. The conversation that the valuation/appraisal profession needs to have is not about…

  • QuickRead Top Story - Valuation/Appraisal

    Understanding the Delta

    March 4, 2026

    When 409A Valuations Differ from Funding Rounds In early‑stage and growth‑stage companies, it is common, and often surprising to founders, when the per‑share price established in an IRC §409A valuation does not match the price investors paid in a recent financing round. This difference can feel counterintuitive, especially when the company has just completed a successful raise and the preferred share price reflects strong investor interest. This article discusses why funding round and valuations differ. In early‑stage and growth‑stage companies, it is common, and often surprising to founders, when the per‑share price established in an IRC §409A valuation does not…

  • Litigation Consulting - QuickRead Top Story - Valuation/Appraisal

    Is the Risk-Free Rate Really Risk Free?

    February 18, 2026

    Deconstructing the Idea of the Risk-Free Rate To evaluate future risk factors, analysts should understand the composition of the risk-free rate and consider the data influencing U.S. Treasury Bond yields. This article analyzes the criteria for evaluating the risk-free rate for use in engagements involving business valuations and economic damages. The general notion of a “risk-free rate” is the return available as of the valuation date on a security that the market generally regards as free of the risk of default.[1] U.S. Treasuries have fit this profile for decades, providing minimum, safe alternatives for risk-averse investors. They also provide a…

  • QuickRead Top Story - Valuation/Appraisal

    The Era of “Illiquid for Longer” in Private Equity

    February 18, 2026

    Navigating Liquidity, Valuation, and Risk When exits slow down, everything else starts to feel tighter. That is where many sponsors are today. In this article, the authors discuss the reasons for the longer exits and ramifications. Private equity runs on exits. When exits slow down, everything else starts to feel tighter: fund timelines, liquidity planning, and even conversations with investors. That is where many sponsors are today. Exits are taking longer, buyers are tougher on price, and financing is not as easy as it used to be, so more companies are staying in portfolios past the “normal” timeline. That means…

  • Financial Forensics - Litigation Consulting - QuickRead Top Story - Valuation/Appraisal

    A Collision Course in Evidentiary Standards for AI-Assisted Financial Forensics

    February 11, 2026

    How a New Proposed Rule of Evidence Seeks to Admit AI Analysis and Supplant Experts On January 30, 2026, Anthropic released legal plugins for its Claude AI that automate contract review, compliance tracking, and legal analysis. Within three days, $285 billion in market value evaporated from legal software and publishing companies. This was not a correction. It was a signal. The AI companies are no longer content selling infrastructure, now they are coming for the legal, financial, and forensic analysis applications themselves. The author discusses the legal and practical repercussions that the new Federal Rule of Evidence would have on…

  • Litigation Consulting - QuickRead Top Story - Valuation/Appraisal

    Unimpeachable Methodological Consistency

    February 11, 2026

    The Foundation of Unassailable Authority When you sit in deposition or at trial, you can speak with absolute confidence about your methodology because it is not something you invented for this case. It is something you have applied in hundreds or thousands of cases. The best defense against aggressive cross-examination is not clever language or diplomatic positioning. It is methodological consistency applied with rigor. In this 24th article of the Unimpeachable Neutrality series, the author addresses something that has become increasingly important as technology changes the nature of expert testimony: the relationship between consistency, methodology, and credibility. The best defense…

  • Healthcare - QuickRead Top Story - Valuation/Appraisal

    Preparing a Medical or Dental Practice for a Someday Sale

    February 4, 2026

    Advice for Medical and Dental Professionals and Their Advisors This article walks readers through what really matters long before these professionals think about listing their practice for sale. Understanding the “why” behind each step, not just the “what”, is crucial. As one reads through, keep in mind that the information is generalized, not specific to a specific specialty area. It is strongly suggested the dental and medical professionals consult with a trusted professional(s) to provide the smoothest path toward the transition or retirement phase. *Preface: Recently, I have had two medical/dental practice valuation referrals, and two physician-clients ask me for…

  • Financial Forensics - QuickRead Top Story - Valuation/Appraisal

    The January Hangover

    January 28, 2026

    A 10-Day Fraud Detection Sprint That Protects Business Value It is important to not only establish next steps but attempt to blur the line between fraud-driven forensic investigations and valuation to provide the connective tissue; explaining how they overlap resulting in misleading valuation calculations. In this article, the author shares a 10-day fraud detection “sprint” to identify the reliability of earnings and balance sheet integrity. This past December, I authored a short article titled, “’Tis the Season (for Fraud): How Businesses Can Be On-Guard”[1], which discussed many of the tactics that are employed by fraudsters during those chaotic periods such…

  • QuickRead Top Story - Valuation/Appraisal

    AI, Ethics, and Standards in Valuation Practice

    January 21, 2026

    Guidance for a Rapidly Changing Landscape Confidentiality remains the first and most immediate area of professional risk. Many AI tools store inputs, transmit data to outside servers, or use information to train future models. For valuation professionals handling confidential data, the stakes are high. The author shares how to use AI and adhere to professional and ethical standards. Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly become part of the daily toolkit for many valuation and financial forensic professionals. Whether used for data cleanup, modeling assistance, industry research, or drafting support, AI can reduce time spent on lower-value tasks and help analysts focus…

  • QuickRead Top Story - Valuation/Appraisal

    The Impact of Tariffs on Small Business Valuation

    December 10, 2025

    A Comprehensive Framework for Risk Assessment and Methodical Adjustments The escalation of global trade tensions and tariff implementations in 2025 has altered the business valuation landscape and created additional challenges for valuation professionals and stakeholders. Using a multi-factor risk assessment model combined with adjusted valuation methodologies, the author shows how tariff exposure significantly impacts enterprise values across industries. Introduction The global trade environment has undergone dramatic transformation since 2025. The implementation of sweeping tariff policies that has altered cost structures, competitive dynamics, and risk profiles across industries. The weighted average U.S. tariff rate has surged from 2.2% to over 17%…

  • QuickRead Top Story - Valuation/Appraisal

    Engagement Letter Can Make or Break You

    December 3, 2025

    A Business Valuation Expert’s Perspective Drawing from a presentation at the 2025 NACVA BVFL Super Conference by Glenn Block and Greg Clark, this article explores key elements of effective engagement letters, common pitfalls, and practical examples to guide valuation experts in crafting robust agreements. In the ever-evolving landscape of business valuation and forensic accounting, engagement letters serve as a cornerstone of professional practice. As highlighted in the 2025 NACVA presentation by Glenn Block and Greg Clark, these documents are not mere formalities. Rather, they are strategic tools that can protect practitioners, clarify expectations, and ensure compliance with professional standards. Drawing…

  • Mergers and Acquisitions/Exit Planning - QuickRead Top Story - Valuation/Appraisal

    Valuation Issues in M&A

    November 12, 2025

    In Anticipation of Going to Market Valuations performed for mergers and acquisitions are different than most of the traditional valuation work. The author of this article shares the standard of value used in these engagements, the due diligence conducted, and merits of preparing a calculation report in anticipation of going to market. Valuations performed for mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are different than most of the traditional valuation work we handle on a day-to-day basis. One of the biggest differences is the standard of value used. Typically, the valuation professional will use investment value rather than fair market value. NACVA’s definition…

  • QuickRead Top Story - Valuation/Appraisal

    SBA SOP 50 10 8

    October 22, 2025

    Updated Valuation Guidance for 7(a) and 504 Loans (Effective June 1, 2025) SOP 50 10 8 provides specific thresholds and scenarios dictating what type of valuation is required and by whom for 7(a) and 504 loans. Valuation professionals including CVAs, CPAs, and other appraisers should understand these guidelines to ensure their appraisals meet SBA standards. All requirements cited here are drawn directly from this SOP. Effective June 1, 2025, the U.S. Small Business Administration’s (SBA) SOP 50 10 8 (Lender and Development Company Loan Programs), brought important updates and clarifications to business valuation requirements for 7(a) and 504 loan programs.…

  • QuickRead Top Story - Valuation/Appraisal

    Understanding What Drives Business Value

    October 8, 2025

    And How to Maximize It What truly influences value is the quality, consistency, and transferability of the earnings. Buyers are not solely purchasing a history of profitability; buyers are seeking future income that is sustainable and independent of the current owner’s direct involvement. Most business owners do not know what their business is worth. In many cases, they have never measured it in a formal or objective manner. Yet for most entrepreneurs, their business represents their single largest asset. It may be central to their retirement plan, their family’s financial well-being, or even their legacy. Despite its significance, the topic…

  • Mergers and Acquisitions/Exit Planning - QuickRead Top Story - Valuation/Appraisal

    Emerging Company M&A

    October 8, 2025

    Pre-Sale Accounting Best Practices for Buyers and Sellers In today’s market, it is especially important that prospective acquirers of emerging companies understand exactly what they are purchasing and how to allocate the purchase price among the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. This article discusses the importance of quality of earnings and impact on the acquisition price. As buyers tighten their purse strings in a volatile economy, parties on both sides of startup M&A deals must ensure they are prepared to effectuate the transaction from a financing perspective as well as address the related financial reporting and other accounting implications. This…

  • QuickRead Top Story - Valuation/Appraisal

    Clients Turning to AI

    October 1, 2025

    Evaluating Your Work Product and Professional Services The author states that over the past year, he has seen clients use AI tools to “check” his work, draft their own valuation commentary, and even generate critique his reports. While he welcomes their curiosity, some encounters have been alarming. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is no longer just a topic for webinars or conference panels. It is now part of daily client interactions. Over the past year, I have seen clients use AI tools to “check” my work, draft their own valuation commentary, and even generate critiques of my reports. While I welcome curiosity,…