• Case Law - QuickRead Top Story

    Case Law Update

    Insights for Your Practice Four cases are presented in this article that provide valuation, litigation support professionals, and M&A advisors insight regarding how courts are addressing damages claims, challenges to experts, appraisal action challenges, and claims of fraud and breach of contract in connection with M&A transactions. Although the cases are from Delaware and California, they provide insight for readers to use in their practices.

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    Patent and Trademark Infringement Damages Calculations, Appraisal Actions and Denial of Suit Seeking a Purchase Price Adjustment

    Case Law Four cases are presented in this article that provide valuation, litigation support professionals, and M&A advisors insight regarding how courts are addressing damages claims, challenges to experts, appraisal action challenges, and claims of fraud and breach of contract in connection with M&A transactions. Although the cases are from Delaware and California, they provide insight for readers to use in their practices.

  • Case Law - QuickRead Featured - Valuation/Appraisal

    Exelon Corp. v. Commissioner

    A Decision that Illustrates the Importance of Appraiser Independence To successfully work in the field of business valuation, appraisers must perform assignments with impartiality, objectivity, and independence, and without consideration of personal interests or the interests of those who hired them. Should such bias be found, the appraisal could be considered worthless and the expert’s reputation damaged, with even worse ramifications for the client. A recent Tax Court case illustrates this point.

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    Proposed IRC Sec. 2704 Regulations Released

    Valuation and Planning Impacts This article outlines the major provisions of the proposed regulations. If the proposed regulations are adopted in their current form, they only apply to transfers made after the final regulations are promulgated, and the most pervasive provisions of the proposed regulations, apply only to transfers made at least thirty days after the restrictions become final.

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    Conservation Easements Contributions

    Heightened IRS Scrutiny A look into recent Tax Court cases brings to light several issues that are on the IRS’ “radar screen.” Past QuickRead articles have highlighted some of the cases, including Section 2036, or “bad facts” cases. Another hot-button issue for the IRS is the proper treatment of conservation easement charitable contributions. Since 2010, courts have published at least 60 opinions addressing issues relating to conservation easements. Practitioners with clients considering conservation easement contributions, or who are defending conservation easement cases must keep current with the influx of rulings and have a good understanding of how these rulings fit…

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    ABA Mid-Year Tax Section Roundup

    Estate, Gift, and Tax Projects in the Horizon At the ABA Mid-Years Tax Section Meeting, Cathy Hughes and Melissa Liquerman of the IRS Office of Chief Counsel revealed a number of projects that are underway at the Service. In this article, several of those projects pertinent to valuation analysts are discussed, including the status of sec. 2704 regulations.

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    Tax Court Rules of What Constitutes a Gift in the Context of a Split-Dollar Life Insurance Policy

    Estate of Morrissette v. Commissioner, 146 T.C. No. 11 (April 13, 2016) The Tax Court’s ruling in Morrissette is very important to the estate planning community, in that, intergenerational split-dollar life insurance arrangements have become much more popular since the IRS released its final split-dollar regulations in 2003. Yet, widespread use of this technique has been suppressed by uncertainty with respect to the tax result. Further, the IRS has oftentimes taken the position (in audits) that a lump sum premium payment should be treated as a gift to the lower generation even if the economic benefit regime was used to…

  • Case Law - QuickRead Featured - Valuation/Appraisal

    Estate of Newberger v. Commissioner

    What About Subsequent Events—Lessons from the Valuation of Artwork? In the December 2015 Tax Court Memo Estate of Newberger v. Commissioner, the Tax Court considered post-date-of-death sales prices in the valuation of three separate pieces of artwork owned by the decedent. Considered in one instance was the sale of the actual piece of art itself, and in two other instances, the sale of other pieces of art considered comparable to the art owned by the decedent. Also at issue was how the Great Recession impacts value in the context of reliance on actual or comparable sales transactions. Although this case…

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    Estate of Holliday, T.C. Memo 2016-51 (March 17, 2016)

    A Taxpayer Loss—Assets Included in the Estate We find ourselves in a familiar place once again—that is, analyzing a case in which the IRS attacked an FLP under I.R.C. § 2036. Just two months ago, I wrote an overview of Estate of Purdue v. Commissioner, (T.C. Memo 2015-249), in which the IRS attacked a closely-held asset holding company, in that case it was an LLC, under I.R.C. §2036. While both holding companies were attacked under Section 2036, the cases could not have ended up more differently for the taxpayers. Purdue was a taxpayer win; Holliday was not.

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    Estate of Woelbing

    Settlement of a Valuation Case Before the U.S. Tax Court This article discusses issues found in a case that is pending before the United States Tax Court (the “Tax Court”).  The specific issues relate to issues regarding sales of closely held stock to grantor trusts in exchange for promissory notes.  Specifically, the IRS took issue with two grantor sale trust transactions.  The two cases were filed on December 26, 2013, as (1) Estate of Donald Woelbing v. Commissioner, Docket No. 30261-13, and (2) Estate of Marion Woelbing v. Commissioner, Docket No. 30260-13.

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    U.S. Tax Court Update

    Notable 4th Quarter 2015 Cases, Part II of II Part II of this article highlights the remaining notable 4th Quarter 2015 U.S. Tax Court Cases that will be of interest to valuation practitioners and business advisors.  Estate of Purdue reminded us that taxpayers need to address 2036(a) concerns and establish a non-tax reason.  In addition, the case reminds us that gifting an equity or LLC interest may not qualify as a present interest for gift tax purposes.  Estate of Newberger involved the proper valuation of artwork, yet its holding is applicable to a business valuation opinion.  Sumner Redstone v. Commissioner…

  • Case Law - QuickRead Featured

    U.S. Tax Court Update

    Notable 4th Quarter 2015 Cases, Part I of II Part I of this article highlights notable 4th Quarter 2015 U.S. Tax Court Cases that will be of interest to valuation practitioners and business advisors. Estate of Purdue reminds us that taxpayers need to address 2036(a) concerns and establish a non-tax reason. In addition, the case reminds us that gifting an equity or LLC interest may not qualify as a present interest for gift tax purposes. Estate of Newberger involves the proper valuation of artwork, yet its holding is applicable to a business valuation opinion. Sumner Redstone v. Commissioner involves a…

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    Estate of Purdue v. Commissioner

    T.C. Memo. 2015-249: A Checklist to Address 2036 Concerns The issue raised in Estate of Purdue v. Commissioner was whether the “decedent’s desire to have the marketable securities and the building interest held and managed as a family asset constituted a legitimate non-tax motive for the transfer of property to PFLLC.”

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    Fleming Cardiovascular, P.A. v. Commissioner

    Qualified Business Appraiser and Appraisal Needed A November 2015 memorandum by the U.S. Tax Court in Fleming Cardiovascular, P.A. v. Commissioner found that the Internal Revenue Services (“IRS”) did not abuse its discretion in revoking the Fleming Cardiovascular, P.A. Employee Stock Ownership Plan’s (“ESOP”) qualified and tax exempt status for failure to operate in accordance with plan documents. Of note, the ESOP failed to obtain an independent annual valuation of the stock by a qualified appraiser in five out of seven plan years.

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    Legal Research

    Where to go to get Case Law Research can be daunting in and of itself. However, researching case law can be overwhelming, especially if you do not have the fanciest databases or are not aware of what is offered on a more economic level. Thankfully, there are tools and resources available to help you find what you are looking for.

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    Marijuana Dispensaries

    Review of BVR’s Special Report on Marijuana Dispensaries What do business valuation advisors and consultants need to know before providing consulting services to marijuana establishments? There are opportunities and challenges; keep in mind that marijuana is listed as a Schedule I Controlled Substance. At the national level, one Presidential candidate introduced the Ending Federal Marijuana Prohibition Act in the Senate. In its simplest form, the bill would remove marijuana from the list of Schedule I drugs. Schedule I drugs are deemed by the federal government to be highly addictive and offer no medical benefits. For those valuation analysts interested in…

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    To Cite or Not to Cite?

    Thoughts From the Field on Whether to Cite Legal Precedent in a Report Should a valuation analyst include legal citations in a report? Calculation engagement? In this article, Peter Agrapides, MBA, CVA, shares his thoughts on that question.