Valuation Implications The U.S. government is the largest payor of medical costs, through Medicare and Medicaid, and consequently has a strong influence on reimbursement to healthcare providers. The 2025 proposed fee changes are significant. This article focuses on the proposed fee changes and how these changes may affect valuations of healthcare practices. The U.S. government is the largest payor of medical costs, through Medicare and Medicaid, and consequently has a strong influence on reimbursement to healthcare providers. The prevalence of these public payors in the healthcare marketplace often results in their acting as a price setter and being used as…
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A Meandering in the Mind(s) of ChatGPT (Part I of III) This series chronicles the use of an AI generation tool to generate content. Most of the uses the author has heard of from colleagues rely on an AI tool to generate content in response to various questions. Through the series the author shares iterations of an article that relied on AI and provides examples to show how a story can change using AI. Some Perspective I do not use AI assistance in anything. In fact, I do not use autofill, autocorrect, grammar suggestions, or even spellcheck. I do not…
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Healthcare Industry and Valuation Implications On June 28, 2024, the U.S. Supreme Court issued a seismic decision in which it explicitly overruled “Chevron deference,” limiting the ability of federal agencies to rely on their own interpretation of the laws they administer. This 6-3 ruling is expected to significantly impact the heavily regulated healthcare industry. The authors share their thoughts on how this decision may impact the healthcare industry and valuations. Chevron deference is a legal test established in the 1984 Supreme Court case, Chevron U.S.A. Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.[1] In this case, the Court ruled that when…
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A Series on Managing Uncertainty and Fear The author has testified hundreds of times. Through these experiences, he has gained insight that is not written in the books, or at least not the ones he has been reading as a forensic and valuation professional. In this article, he shares additional insight on what is demanded by expert witnesses. As of the date of this writing, I have testified hundreds of times. Through these experiences, I have gained insight that is not written in the books, or at least not the ones I have been reading as a forensic and valuation…
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Challenges and Key Takeaways The recent case of The Trade Group, Inc. v. BTC Media, LLC highlights the impact that experts have on judicial outcomes. The litigation revolved around a financial dispute over the Bitcoin 2022 conference and allegations regarding overcharges and financial mismanagement. Through expert testimonies, the Court ultimately provided an opinion based on the crucial contributions of expert witnesses in high-stakes litigation. Expert testimony plays a pivotal role in unraveling complex economic disputes. It is often one of the essential elements in dispute resolution. Why is that? Expert testimony brings specialized knowledge, technical insights, evidence interpretation, and factfinder…
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Memoirs of a CPA on Getting Started in the Valuation and Forensics Fields Edward Mendlowitz considers himself the last of the “expert generalists”. He published Memoirs of a CPA wherein he relates his story and the lessons learned. Over the years, the author has witnessed the trend towards specialization and proliferation of professional credentials. Mr. Mendlowitz started moonlighting almost immediately after graduating college in 1963 and had enough business to start his own practice in 1969. In this article, he shares tips for newly minted professionals. I consider myself the last of the “expert generalists” and published my Memoirs of…
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In the Analysis of Personal Goodwill In the sale of a C corporation in an asset deal, the sellers may argue that a portion of the purchase price is for personal goodwill so that the proceeds are not subject to double taxation. In the context of divorce, personal goodwill may not be a divisible asset, while enterprise goodwill is. This article discusses the quantification of personal and enterprise goodwill using the multi-attribute utility model (MUM). A key consideration in both the sale of closely held C corporations and valuations for marital dissolution purposes involves the existence and value of personal…
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A Call to Action E-mail is our front line of communication. And because of that, everyone’s inbox is overloaded. Of course, your e-mail is brilliant/critical/urgent/important. So how do you write an e-mail that gets opened and read? And if you read to the end, there’s a bonus e-mail tip you will want to try out. E-mail is our front line of communication. And because of that, everyone’s inbox is overloaded. Of course, your e-mail is brilliant/critical/urgent/important. So how do you write an e-mail that gets opened and read? And if you read to the end, there’s a bonus e-mail tip…
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Use in Private-Business Valuation (Part IV) In this fourth article, the authors show how to apply the IPCPL theory using public market cost of capital. Read Part I, Part II, and Part III Application of IPCPL Theory When Bob Dohmeyer, Pete Butler, and Rod Burkert published their article on the IPCPL in 2013, they developed a discount rate from the Deal Stats database. In 2015, we published an article in which we set forth that their incite that the difference between the cost of capital in a public market and private market is largely due to the difference in transaction…
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Lytle v. Nutramax Laboratories, Inc. et al.—Challenging a Proposed Class Action In Lytle v. Nutramax Laboratories, Inc., et al., 2024 U.S. App. LEXIS 9722; __ F.4th __; 2024 WL 1710663 (9th Cir. April 22, 2024), the court affirmed certification of a class of dog food purchasers alleging the defendants made fraudulent claims about the health benefits of the supplements they manufactured. Andy Rooney famously said, “The average dog is a nicer person than the average person.” He was almost certainly right, and because of that, many dog owners go to great expense trying to protect their dogs’ health. In Lytle…
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A Question of Facts and Varying Rates “How could an expert apply such a high or low discount rate to a stream of future lost profits and the court find it acceptable?” This article highlights my research looking into discount rates for lost profits and why there are so many variations of a theme when it comes to making such a calculation. When attending professional conferences, I enjoy talking with other experts involved in the litigation support field. During almost every discussion regarding commercial damages (lost profits or business destruction), there is a comment about the discount rate applied for…
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Reminders from an Experienced Expert that Go Beyond a Checklist Calculating lost profits is a crucial aspect of many legal and financial matters, particularly in the realm of business disputes, insurance claims, and litigation. Lost profits represent the financial harm suffered by a plaintiff due to a specific incident or event. In a business context, lost profits aim to restore the injured party to the financial position they would have been in had the incident not occurred. This article delves into the core elements of quantifying lost profits, providing insights into methodologies. Calculating lost profits is a crucial aspect of…
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Empirical Evidence Supporting IPCPL Theory (Part III) In this third article, the authors present the empirical evidence supporting use of the IPCPL theory. In the second article in this series, it was shown that the general empirical implications of implied private company pricing line (IPCPL) theory are that buyers of privately owned businesses pay higher transaction costs in exchange for higher returns on their investments. The IPCPL theory treats transaction costs (TC) as a proportion or percentage of transaction price (P) stated as a decreasing convex function of P. (The higher the price, the lower the percentage transactions costs are…
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A Comprehensive Guide to Successful Claims Outcomes (Part II of II) In this second of a two-part article, the authors discuss areas where outside expertise may be needed and policy exclusions. Read Part I here. Introduction: Navigating Claims Challenges and How Experts Can Help Throughout the fidelity claims handling process, issues or challenges may arise for which parties involved must reconcile. Here are some common issues that may be encountered: Proof of Loss: One of the primary challenges in fidelity claims is establishing the proof of loss. The insured party must provide evidence of the fraudulent or dishonest acts committed…
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A Principle-Driven Framework to Standard Setting This 17th article of the unimpeachable neutrality series will attempt to elevate your understanding of standards beyond mere compliance and foster a world rich in principle-driven actions. In a world increasingly governed by complex standards and regulatory landscapes, the craft of creating standards that stand the test of time has never been more crucial. Just as it is insufficient to teach a child not to murder merely because it is illegal, effective parenting also nurtures a respect for life and the well-being of others that transcends legal mandates. This approach parallels the essence of…
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A Comprehensive Guide to Successful Claims Outcomes (Part I of II) Fidelity/crime/financial institution bonds, in a general sense, cover an insured from the willful theft of property, money, and securities by one of their employees or an outside third-party carried out through a variety of means. Such fraud can impact myriad industries. In this two-part article, the authors provide fundamental aspects of a fidelity investigation, from inception to recovery of stolen funds. Introduction: Understanding Fidelity Investigations Fidelity/crime/financial institution bonds, in a general sense, cover an insured from the willful theft of property, money, and securities by one of their employees…
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Navigating Bias in Business Valuations Valuation analysts are tasked with gathering information, analyzing data, summarizing findings, and communicating the results. This includes quantifying the expected cash flows and risks of the business through often conflicting and misrepresented information. This article provides an overview of bias, how it affects business valuations, and provides readers with the standards and tools they need to confidently support their opinions when challenged. Introduction “When the facts change, I change my mind. What do you do?” – Sir John Maynard Keynes Our waking hours are bombarded with more information than can be absorbed. From 2009 to…
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What is the #1 thing on your website that will convince a prospect that your firm is the right choice for a project? Rod Burkert shares his views on what is needed to go from zero to hero and land that engagement. Imagine I am a prospect for getting your BVFLS services. I found you on Google or LinkedIn. Or maybe I saw an article you wrote. Maybe heard a presentation you gave. Or maybe I got a recommendation from a colleague. It (almost) doesn’t matter. But now, I’m knocking at your website door. What is the #1 thing on…
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Experts on Notice Federal Rule of Evidence 702 has undergone changes; these were made in 2000 and 2011. The recent amendments clarify the gatekeeping function of the trial court. A trial court is charged not with weighing the expert’s opinion; rather it is charged with determining if the testimony is admissible. This article discusses the recent changes to this rule and how this will impact proposed experts and their counsel’s choice of experts. Ever since the United States Supreme Court rendered its groundbreaking decision in 1993 in Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 509 U.S. 579 (1993), expert witnesses have…
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Is There a Need to Broaden Regulation? Can humans achieve economic market efficiency without the “visible hand” or is the collateral damage of decisions an unfortunate reality in exchange for the freedom of unregulated markets. This article discusses the role of regulation in an unregulated market and potential shifts. How do you measure ability when the parameters are not clearly defined? As valuation analysts, we determine the cost of capital using inputs such as return on regulated public markets. Restrictions of public securities markets are often set in place through governmental bodies which impose arguable economic checks and balances. The…