Part I: Three of the 12 Reasons a Valuation Is Needed in Chapter 7, 9, and 11 This two-part article summarizes the various types of intellectual property that valuation analysts (“analysts”) may encounter within a commercial bankruptcy controversy, lists the generally accepted intellectual property valuation approaches, and presents the reasons why analysts may be asked to value intellectual property within a commercial bankruptcy environment. In Part I, Mr. Reilly identifies three of the 12 reasons why a valuation is needed in a bankruptcy proceeding.
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A Primer on the Approaches and Issues Involved in Valuing Trademarks Valuation analysts are often called on to perform valuation, damages, and transfer price analyses of trademark-related intangible property for various purposes. This discussion describes the valuation of trademarks within the context of both financial accounting and income tax accounting (in particular, tax-related intercompany transfer pricing) and summarizes the generally accepted trademark analysis approaches and methods. And, this discussion presents three examples, using different analytical methods, to illustrate the analysis of trademarks.
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Issues and Opportunities This article discusses some of the issues in using the Pratt’s Stats transaction data, which can be used to develop multiples in a Market Approach or to develop a private market discount rate used in an Income Approach. The information presented is relevant to both business brokers/intermediaries and business appraisers.
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The impact on shareholder value Knowing the value of a business and delivering real value to a client company entails far more than using EBITDA multiples or going along with a rule of thumb to keep the peace. As professionals, valuators must be far more rigorous in their engagements, and focus on delivering value. The obligation to identify, measure, manage, and mitigate the risks are their responsibility. In this candid analysis, Dr. Carl Sheeler shares some insights, based on his 1,000+ engagements, where he has found problems that led to disputes, misalignment of expectations, and company-specific risks that impair value…
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When the usual approaches won’t work Technology and innovation expert and professor, Tim Swift, proposes an alternative to the traditional Market, Income, and Cost approaches to valuing a patent portfolio.
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Understanding the nature and risk of expected cash flow This discussion summarizes the interrelatedness of the weighted average cost of capital and the weighted average return on assets within the context of a purchase price allocation for financial reporting purposes. Failure to understand this fundamental relationship can lead to inaccurate estimates of value for the acquired assets and, therefore, inaccurate reported asset values and amortization expense on the financial statements of the acquirer. The WACC can be viewed as a weighted average of the required rates of return for the individual assets of the acquired company. The selected intangible asset…
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In defense of the Discounted Cash Flow Method Richard R. Conn challenges criticism of the Discounted Cash Flow Approach and premise that the Market Approach is superior to an Income-Based Approach, even when there is more just superficial observations. The author proposes that “ it is important to realize that the circumstances in which the DCF Method indicates a different value than the market price should be very rare and unique. If the legal community is finding a multitude of expert valuation opinions where the DCF conclusions are at odds with the market evidence, then those litigators have a valid…
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Focus on shareholder disputes (slip opinions) Ruggiero v. Ruggiero is a New York Slip Opinion (cannot cite as authority) that is a classic battle of valuation experts. The opinion highlights how a New York State judge reached her decision and also provides an opportunity to deliberate and consider what can go wrong when a buy-sell agreement is either not in existence or is considered dated. Breidbart v. Wiesenthal, another New York State Slip Opinion (cannot cite as authority), addresses how a dissolved partnership interest in New York State is valued. Although the decision is unique to New York State and the…
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A Quick Initial Assessment of an Appraisal Assignment Can Help Determine Which Approach and Which Tools to Use. Here’s Why That Matters. Appraisers have a large toolkit. When we pursue certifications, the tests we have to pass and our demonstration reports show that we know how to use tools properly, and certifications demonstrate our competency. In the real world, we are also in this profession to make a profit. Profits reward us for both competency and efficiency. Rand Curtiss explains how to be both effective and efficient.
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Critically Assess Underlying Data and an Appropriate Method for Value Determination Richard Claywell regularly reviews business valuations that seem to consider the asset, market, and income approaches in forming an opinion, but that never explain or justify a weighting methodology used to arrive at a final value conclusion. Here’s why that’s a mistake.
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In Berquist v. Commissioner, Judge Swift Finds a Company’s Pending Liquidation is Relevant and Foreseeable. Brand valuation is becoming an ever more critical business as intangible assets are increasingly being recognized as highly valued property, writes Sophie Roberts in Intellectual Property. Consider: A vast majority of work your business is already doing today almost certainly affects brand value. Whether it’s business transactions (M&A, partnership, licensing negotiation, accounting compliance) or litigation (damage/loss calculations, royalty rate issues, IP infringement) or internal marketing (brand management, marketing ROI calculation and investment), brand value is key. Here’s informed analysis on today’s existing law, brand value…
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Enterprise Value is a Perpetuity Concept, but Shareholder Level Values Depend on Expected Holding Periods. Here’s Why the Difference Matters. The conceptual logic regarding the income approach is difficult to refute, writes Chris Mercer on the Valuation Speak blog. What can cause expected cash flows to minority shareholders to be less than the expected cash flows of the enterprise? What can cause the expected growth in value, from the minority shareholder’s perspective, to be less than the expected growth in value for the enterprise from the viewpoint of a purchaser today? What factors create additional risks for minority shareholders, in…
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In Palmerino v. Palmerino, the Massachusetts Court of Appealsconsidered whether a trial court erred in valuing the husband’s grocery store. The trial court’s approach had not included discounts—and went further to state that the income approach is preferable for valuation. Find out what the court decides! In Giaimo v. Vitale, the Supreme Court of New York considers the dissolution of a company called EGA Associates. The case involved the sale of 19 residential buildings in Manhattan, accusations of fraud during discovery hearings on fair value, and the applicability of proposed discounts for marketability and built-in capital gains.