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The National Association of Certified Valuators and Analysts® (NACVA®) has been educating and credentialing CPAs and other financial advisors to support business owners in understanding the value of their business for the past quarter century. NACVA’s  global Certified Valuation Analyst® (CVA®) designation is the most widely recognized valuation credential and the only business valuation credential accredited by the National Commission for Certifying Agencies® (NCCA®).

Corporate Transparency Act and Beneficial Ownership Interest Reporting Requirements

Who Really Owns the Company!? Have you heard about the Corporate Transparency Act (CTA) Beneficial Ownership Interest Reporting (BOIR) requirements? The penalties for non-compliance are $591(adjusted for inflation) a day up to $10,000 and/or two years in jail. This article outlines the requirements for small private companies and ends with some suggestions for business valuation analysts. Have you heard abo ...

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Understanding IPCPL Theory, Evidence, and Application

Use in Private-Business Valuation (Part II) This article in this continuing series explains the Implied Private Company Pricing Line (IPCPL), theory, evidence, and application of the IPCPL. How to Understand IPCPL Theory In the first article in this series (published in two parts 02/01/24 and 02/08/24), it was shown that the Implied Private Company Pricing Line (IPCPL) theory explains and predicts the relat ...

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What the Tax Court Wants to See

In Your Expert Report This article includes tips for preparing an expert report but is not intended to be all inclusive. In addition to these points, remember to carefully consider professional standards, including those that are non-binding, and any code of ethics. Also prepare your report with the expectation of a Daubert motion or similar challenge to your qualifications and/or methodology. The Federal R ...

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The Power of Intention

How to Manifest a Better, More Fulfilling Valuation Practice Several months ago, a friend of mine gifted the article’s author a book entitled The Seven Spiritual Laws of Success: A practical guide to the fulfillment of your dreams, written by Deepak Chopra. A few of the sections within the book hit home more than others and the excitement that has inspired the author to write the article herein. The author ...

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Understanding IPCPL Theory, Evidence, and Application

Use in Private-Business Valuation (Part II of II) This two-part article in this continuing series explains the implied private company pricing line (IPCPL). Read Part I here. IPCPL explains and predicts how buyers and sellers of capital assets in private markets set risk-adjusted discount rates under conditions of non-zero transaction cost differentials between public and private markets; and, accordingly, ...

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Amended Rule 702’s Unimpeachably Neutral Impact

The Death of Testimonial Overstatement The proper interpretation for the standard of admissibility under the amended Rule 702 of the Federal Rules of Evidence will hopefully result in an evidentiary change that flies in the face of every hired gun’s essence, as the real impact of the trial court truly being a gatekeeper is that it will shield the jury from the testimonial overstatement salaciously proffered ...

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Understanding IPCPL Theory, Evidence, and Application

Use in Private-Business Valuation (Part I of II) This two-part article in this continuing series explains the implied private company pricing line (IPCPL). IPCPL explains and predicts how buyers and sellers of capital assets in private markets set risk-adjusted discount rates under conditions of non-zero transaction cost differentials between public and private markets; and, accordingly, IPCPL explains and ...

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Why Business Valuation is Heating Up for Estate and Gift Tax Planning Purposes

Forthcoming Changes in Gift and Estate Tax Thresholds In the complex world of gift and estate tax planning, significant changes are on the horizon. The 2026 sunset, a date circled in red on the calendars of tax professionals and high-net-worth individuals, potentially signifies the end of the current, more generous tax-free lifetime estate and gift tax thresholds. The authors share their thoughts on how the ...

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Value Drivers for Healthcare Services and Medical Practices

and Business Valuations This article delves into the key factors that shape the value of healthcare services, from cost behavior to pricing strategies, and offers insights into how valuation professionals can navigate this complex terrain. "Healthcare services are a fundamental necessity, and understanding the key drivers of value in medical practices and healthcare businesses is essential for conducting a ...

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Pressures to Step-up Basis Leads to an Ethics Question

Ethical and Practical Implications Too many appraisers omit the contingent BIGL in their appraisals. It certainly is easier to yield to the pressure of estate attorneys, CPAs, and the IRS on this point, but in light of the evidence for inclusion, is this the ethical path? The author discusses the merits and ethics of including the BIGL. Too many appraisers omit the contingent built-in capital gain tax liabi ...

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Calculating Reasonable Compensation for Business Valuations

Normalization Adjustment Steps and Practice Pointers Reasonable compensation is among the most common of all normalizing adjustments in valuations of closely held businesses. The dollar amounts involved can be significant, the issues can be complex, and the valuator’s conclusions can be controversial. In preparing to make these adjustments, there are a series of steps that are normally followed. Among the s ...

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Intangible Property and Property Tax Appraisals

Part III of III This article is the third and final of a three-part series on intangible property and property tax appraisals. Read Part I here and Part II here. Valuation analysts are often retained by industrial and commercial companies to assist with state and local property tax planning, compliance, and controversy matters. Often, analysts are retained by the legal counsel for the corporate taxpayers. T ...

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Equitable Profit-Sharing

The Role of a Neutral Third-Party Valuation Expert as an Umpire in Partnership Deadlocks Partnerships are common structures in professional service practices, offering opportunities for synergistic collaboration. However, conflicts can arise, especially in the absence of a well-contemplated equitable profit-sharing formula and a deadlock-breaking mechanism in the partnership contract. This article explores ...

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Intangible Property and Property Tax Appraisals

Part II of III This article is the second of a three-part series on intangible property and property tax appraisals. Valuation analysts are often retained by industrial and commercial companies to assist with state and local property tax planning, compliance, and controversy matters. Often, analysts are retained by the legal counsel for the corporate taxpayers. This is particularly the case when the propert ...

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Intangible Property and Property Tax Appraisals

Part I of III This article is the first of a three-part series on intangible property and property tax appraisals. Valuation analysts are often retained by industrial and commercial companies to assist with state and local property tax planning, compliance, and controversy matters. Often, analysts are retained by the legal counsel for the corporate taxpayers. This is particularly the case when the property ...

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How to Test the Monte Carlo Model

Sanity Checks to Keep it Real and Defensible (Part II of II) This is the second QuickRead article on interest rate volatility and modeling, read Part I here. As valuation professionals, we know that we need to develop and test the interest rate assumption. Valuation professionals also need to understand the impact that an interest rate used will have on the cash flows and value of the firm, and ensure that ...

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Interest Rate Volatility

The Choice of Models and Considerations When Developing a Rate for Your BV Report (Part I of II) Why all the excitement about interest rate volatility? Can’t we just look at a multi-year average and use that in our calculations? Well, we could, but considering recent and expected volatility, that might lead to some big errors. There are several reasons. In this article, the author discusses various models a ...

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The Future of the Business Valuation Profession

(Part V) To look to the future of the BV profession, we must explore the relevant dynamics within the industry. That starts with looking to our past to see what events and milestones brought us to where we are today, followed by ascertaining the economic and demographic trends leading us into the future, and culminating with identifying those trends which will have the greatest impact upon the profession. N ...

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The Hybrid Approach to Determining Company Specific Risk Using Monte Carlo

A Case Study In articles published in The Value Examiner, “A Hybrid Approach to Estimating Company Specific Risk,” and “A Hybrid Approach to Determining Company Specific Risk: Using Monte Carlo Simulation,” the author explains the theoretical basis for using a company specific risk premium in the build-up method and presents a methodology for developing the company specific risk premium. Then he shows how t ...

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Nailing Down the Numerator in the DCF Method

Theory to Practice VPS StraightTalk Webinar, June 15, 2023 This article summarizes key takeaways from the June 15, 2023, VPS StraightTalk Webinar presentation co-led by R. James Alerding, CPA, ABV and Carli D. Lehr, CPA, CVA, CSEP. The speakers discussed how to differentiate between a projection and forecast, the importance of developing a reliable cash flow or projection evaluation of specific risk to the ...

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