Procedures and Bankruptcy Code Changes for CPAs and Consultants A business or individual facing financial distress can utilize three types of federal bankruptcies to attempt to resolve their financial difficulties. This article provides an overview of the differences and when each would be used. Keep in mind that bankruptcy is a legal proceeding and must be handled by an attorney. However, business and fina ...

Their Potential Impact on Valuing a Construction Contractor Construction claims may impact the value of a construction company. In this article, the author discusses the issues that arise and the methodologies that may impact the valuation. A construction claim is a demand made by the contractor to the owner for additional revenue for construction work performed on a construction project which is beyond the ...

For When a Client Wants to Sell Their Business The authors in this article share a checklist developed and provided to firm clients contemplating a sell of their business. Following are the steps involved when a client wants to sell their business. Buyers can also use this list as a timeline and road map of the steps that are expected to occur and what is expected of them. ❏  Be sure client wants to se ...

Repurchase Obligation Liability There are certain valuation aspects that are unique to employee stock ownership plan (ESOP) sponsor company valuation engagements. The ESOP repurchase obligation is one of those aspects. There is a diversity of practice in the valuation profession as to how to treat the repurchase obligation for sponsor company valuations performed for ESOP administration purposes. There are ...

A Leverage ESOP versus a Non-Leverage ESOP An employee stock ownership plan (ESOP) is a qualified retirement plan that allows employees to hold equity in the sponsor company that employs them. There are various strategies that may be considered when the sponsor company forms an ESOP. One important structural decision regarding the ESOP formation is whether the ESOP will be leveraged or non-leveraged. This d ...

Miscalculations and Entitlement Traps? What exactly is a “Legacy Payment”? Legacy Payments are those payments made to the prior generation when the next generation buys a family business. These payments include the debt service, principal and interest, on the purchase of the family business and possibly the real estate too; in addition, there are other types of Legacy Payments that can add weight to the tot ...

Thinking Through the Valuation Implications of COVID-19 As business valuation professionals, we are required to project the economic future of a business. In the past, valuation professionals used many sources of information to reduce the uncertainties inherent in valuation, key among them: 1) past performance, 2) industry reports, 3) company and/or stock sale data, and 4) cost of capital data. Now, valuati ...

Recognize and Avoid Substantial Valuation Differentials One of the critical inputs in the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) is beta. In practice, there are two typical ways beta is estimated. Making an incorrect assumption could lead to substantial valuation differentials of over 10% in many cases and can lead to valuation differentials of over 50% in some instances. In addition, our analysis indicates tha ...

On April 8, 2020, the American Society of Appraisers (ASA), CBV Institute, Global Association of Certified Valuators and Analysts (GACVA), National Association of Certified Valuators and Analysts (NACVA), and The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) collaborated to host a free virtual town hall to discuss how the COVID-19 pandemic will impact business valuation analysts and appraisal titled “Impa ...

Buyer and Seller Beware When a privately-held acquirer uses its stock to partly purchase a company, it is imperative that both the acquirer and the target in a transaction have support for, and a level of comfort with, the value assigned to the acquirer’s shares if they are being issued as part of the deal. It is especially important for the seller to conduct its own due diligence to better assess its risk ...

What Do We Do Moving Forward in Time? The coronavirus and the events unleashed by the outbreak were unforeseeable to professionals preparing reports as of the end of 2019. What do we, as valuation and litigation support professionals, do moving forward in time when we are engaged to value a business? Here, the author, Ron Rudich, answers these questions. Gary R. Trugman wrote in his tome, Understanding Busi ...

Valuation Issues for Wind and Mineral Surface Development Rights As wind energy has emerged as a leading source of energy, several issues have arisen with respect to the rights of parties holding surface and mineral rights. There are important legal issues that need to be explored to assess whether to develop a wind energy farm. This article provides a historical and brief legal overview of the issues. By t ...

On the Valuation of Small Businesses What is the impact of coronavirus on small businesses? What should valuation analysts consider in light of the stock market downfall when valuing a small business. The author shares his thoughts on the impact of coronavirus when valuing small businesses. The coronavirus pandemic is wrecking havoc on the global economy as we have seen last week with the stock market crash ...

In Related-Party Cost Sharing Arrangements (Part II of II) This two-part paper demonstrates how the discount rate associated with the investment in intangibles developed under a cost sharing arrangement can be calculated using an analytical framework that explicitly considers variability of outcomes in profitability of the intangibles to be developed. Such framework is the probability-weighted scenario anal ...

In Related-Party Cost Sharing Arrangements (Part I of II) This two-part paper demonstrates how the discount rate associated with the investment in intangibles developed under a cost sharing arrangement can be calculated using an analytical framework that explicitly considers variability of outcomes in profitability of the intangibles to be developed. Such framework is the probability-weighted scenario analy ...

The Art and Science Most businesses have special characteristics that affect its value. Some are endemic to the industry and some relate to the personal nature of those managing the business. Wealth management businesses have both characteristics. Here are some considerations that go into determining the valuation. Most businesses have special characteristics that affect its value. Some are endemic to the i ...

To Attract or Retain Key Employees To both attract and retain key employees, many private companies have added stock-based compensation grants to their portfolio of employee compensation arrangements. An important component of any private company stock-based compensation arrangement is the value of the private company stock. Therefore, private company clients expect valuation analysts to be at least general ...

Asset Values (Part III of III) This is the third of a three-part article that focuses on valuing nonprofit corporation assets. Valuation analysts are commonly engaged to provide fair market value guidance related to nonprofit business transactions. Nonprofit businesses are often involved in arms-length transactions. Common transactions include royalty payments for the use of intellectual property, royalty r ...

Asset Values (Part II of III) This is the second of a three-part article that focuses on valuing nonprofit corporation assets. Valuation analysts are commonly engaged to provide fair market value guidance related to nonprofit business transactions. Nonprofit businesses are often involved in arms-length transactions. Common transactions include royalty payments for the use of intellectual property, royalty r ...

Asset Values (Part I of III) This is a three-part article that focuses on valuing nonprofit corporation assets. Valuation analysts are commonly engaged to provide fair market value guidance related to nonprofit business transactions. Nonprofit businesses are often involved in arms-length transactions. Common transactions include royalty payments for the use of intellectual property, royalty revenue earned b ...