When Guideline Companies are Not Very Good? When given a choice, do you prefer to minimize errors of commission or omission? The answer will likely influence your view as to whether the market approach should be used when valuing a company with guideline companies that are not very good. Someone who seeks to minimize errors of commission will likely exclude the market approach due to the difficulties in executing the analysis. Conversely, someone who seeks to minimize errors of omission will likely include the market approach due to the insight it can provide as a ‘sanity check’ to the other…
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Probability and Scenario Analysis In this article, the author explores considerations in valuing SPAC founders’ equity for these purposes. Marcum LLP has been active in assisting sponsors of special purpose acquisition companies (SPAC) with registration and other aspects of initial public offering (IPO). Where appropriate and permissible under the relevant independence rules, we have also assisted our non-audit SPAC-sponsoring clients and their tax counsel with valuation issues related to founders’ equity for gifting and estate planning purposes. In this article, we will explore considerations in valuing SPAC founders’ equity for these purposes. A Primer on SPACs A SPAC is a…
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Spotting Internal Fraud Schemes To identify whether an organization is vulnerable or has been a victim of fraudulent behavior, it is critical to spot common warning signs of internal fraud schemes. The first step is knowing where to look. The company’s general ledger (GL) is a good place to start. It is a book that can tell stories of fraud, manipulation, and betrayal. Unfortunately, few know how to read the signs. While investigators, attorneys, and auditors tend to analyze the reports generated from the GL and track and monitor payment and revenue information within the GL, they often overlook a…
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The two most widely approaches used by valuators to determine a discount for lack of marketability (DLOM) are restricted stock studies and IPO studies. The restricted stock studies compare transaction prices in restricted shares with contemporaneous trading prices for unrestricted shares. The pre-IPO studies, on the other hand, according to the author, lead to conclusions that are unsound in theory and in practice. In this article, the author discusses six major flaws in the data that, in the author’s opinion, make the pre-IPO studies’ conclusions totally unreliable for determining discounts for lack of marketability. The two most widely approaches used…
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The Ratios and Use of Comparative Analysis Accounts receivable are such an important asset class that company management will be anxious to convert these to cash as soon as possible so that the company is not “overinvested” in its accounts receivable. Accounts receivable ratios are essential analytical and planning tools. There are various analytical tools that can be used by management to compare performance to prior periods and to peer statistics to continuously monitor collections and ensure that customers are adhering to the mutually agreed-upon contractual terms. This article presents the various ratios used to assess the health of accounts…
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Key Components How did so many business owners succeed in this current crisis? How did some business owners even thrive during the most challenging year one will hopefully ever experience? Because they stuck to the basics—staying focused. These business owners continually promoted their vision, ensured they had the “right people in the right seats” throughout their organization, used scorecards and measurables to track all critical data, and prioritized and solved all issues that popped up. These business owners stayed true to their core processes and instilled the discipline and accountability (Traction®) necessary to deliver their annual plans and goals. This…
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How to Make Pricing Your Competitive Advantage This article is a follow up to the author’s April 2021 QuickRead article: “Here is What Prospects Believe About Our Pricing.” The lesson by the author is that prospective clients believe what the professional believes about pricing. If the professional believes that the price is too high, so will the prospect. If the professional believes that the price is a bargain for the value created, that professional is communicating that belief to the prospect. This article describes the choices the valuation professional faces in terms of pricing and how to make pricing a…
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Not Just for the End of Your Career What is the value of an independent insurance company? In this article, the author shares the reasons—other than for transactional reasons—for knowing the value of an independent insurance agency. Over the past several years, I have worked with many agency owners across the country helping them understand the value of their agencies. It is some of the most rewarding work I have ever done, and I have learned a lot about agencies and agency owners because of this work. The independent insurance channel has an estimated 36,000 agencies and has remained incredibly…
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Healthcare Valuation 2021 Update The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted nearly all businesses and is poised to continue to do so through at least the end of 2021. In healthcare, there has been additional issues due to the industry’s unique position at the crossroads of the front line of care and policy response. As of January 19, 2021, important updates have gone into effect concerning the two most significant laws in healthcare transactions and valuations: the Stark Law and the Anti-Kickback Statute (AKS). In this webinar, the guest speakers, Don Barbo and Brad Parker, examined the pandemic-driven financial statement and valuation…