(Part III of IV) Part one of this four-part series discussed the unit principle of property appraisal. Part two discussed the methods of economic obsolescence measurement. This third part recommends best practices responses to the most typical assessment authority objections for economic obsolescence measurements. Introduction Valuation analysts (“analysts”) are often asked to develop value for complex industrial and commercial properties for taxation and other purposes. Unit principle appraisals value these complex properties as a single unit operating collectively on a going concern basis. And the analysis of economic obsolescence is an important cost approach component in the unit principle appraisal…
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Selection of Metrics to Measure Success Over the past years, companies have adopted a hybrid work model, that is an alternative to the Monday through Friday 9:00–5:00 in-office model. What hybrid model works best? This article discusses the emergence of the hybrid work model and metrics applied to test the model. With 74% of U.S. companies transitioning to a permanent hybrid work model, leaders are turning their attention to measuring the success of their hybrid work model. That is because there is a single traditional office-centric model of Monday–Friday 9:00–5:00 in the office, but many ways to do hybrid work.…
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(Part II of IV) The first of this four-part series considered the differences between the unit principle of property appraisal and the summation principle of property appraisal. This second part describes and illustrates the generally accepted economic obsolescence measurement methods (with particular emphasis on the capitalization of income loss method). Introduction Valuation analysis (“analysts”) are often called on to value complex, special-purpose industrial and commercial property operating collectively as a single “unit” of property. Analysts typically apply the cost approach to value such special-purpose property. This discussion focuses on the identification and measurement of economic obsolescence within the application of…
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June 2023 What happens when an owner pays him or herself a non-market rate of compensation? This month’s legal update presents, Mekhaya v. Eastland Food Corp., 287 A.3d 395; 2022 Md. App. LEXIS 938 (Md. Ct. App. December 22, 2022). In that case, an appellate court discusses what can happen when owners use their control prerogatives to pay owner employees more than a market rate for the services they provide to the organization. Owner managed privately held businesses can sometimes play fast and loose with characterizations of employment compensation and equity holder dividends/distributions. Tax preparers will sometimes raise concerns that…
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Avoiding Speculation The author of this article, Dr. Kreuter, recently testified in a jury trial in New York State Supreme Court. The case was heard in April 2023. In the case, Kela Tennis, Inc. (“Kela”) sued the City of Mt. Vernon (“Mt. Vernon” or “the City”). On behalf of Kela, Dr. Kreuter calculated the economic damages in connection with the City’s breach of contract with Kela. The City had wrongfully destroyed the tennis bubble Kela had operated, leading to severe losses. This article explores the method used to compute damages, which included careful consideration of partially offsetting mitigation, a reasonable…
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There are riches in niches! That’s because you cannot be everything to everybody. Sounds reasonable. But what is missing is the advice that will help you identify your practice niche that everyone says is the secret sauce to making more money. There are riches in niches! That’s because you cannot be everything to everybody. Sounds reasonable. But what is missing is the advice that will help you identify your practice niche that everyone says is the secret sauce to making more money. I’ve written previously that my niche was tax purpose valuations for manufacturing and distribution companies. (I practiced what…
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(Part I of IV) Valuation analysts (“analysts”) are often asked to value special-purpose industrial and commercial property. These analyses may be developed for various purposes, including taxation purposes. This discussion focuses on the identification and measurement of economic obsolescence in the application of the cost approach to value such special-purpose property. This topic is particularly relevant to the unit principle appraisal of integrated and complex properties operating on a going-concern basis. Analysts and tax assessors often apply the unit principle of appraisal to value such complex industrial and commercial properties for state and local ad valorem tax appeal and litigation…
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A Review of the Basics for Lost Profits (Part V) This is the fifth article in a series reviewing the basics for lost profits. When calculating lost profits, some assignments will show results with future lost profits. The future lost profits must be discounted to a present value. This article will review issues relating to discounting future lost profits to their present value. The topics discussed will be (1) from what date to discount losses, (2) ex ante and ex post approaches, (3) modeling or not modeling projections of future losses, and (4) the appropriate discount rate. This is the…
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May 2023 In the recent case of Munro v. University of Southern California, the issue raised there is when and whether can a Plaintiff proceed to trial on a new damages theory after the discovery deadline has passed. This article discusses FRPC 37, the federal rule of civil procedures that sets forth the standard for admitting or denying the admission of a new theory under the circumstances described above. For those of us caught up in the chaos of litigation, it may sometimes seem that scheduling orders and court deadlines are arbitrary and subject to change at the judge’s whim.…
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Part I in a Series Addressing Advances in Forensic Accounting and Financial Forensics The author of this series of articles is co-founder of Valid8 Financial Forensics Software, a Seattle, WA and Boulder, CO-based professional service provider. These articles set forth techniques used to investigate financial fraud allegations and focus on the flow of funds. As 2023 comes into clearer view, it is evident that the changing economic tides will bring a greater emphasis on scrutiny. With interest rates on the rise and recessionary fears growing, the tide is, at long last, going out—and when the tide recedes, we will truly…