Survey Evidence in Food and Beverage False Labeling Class Actions With false labeling class actions on the rise, rigorously designed surveys can provide contextual clues needed to explain how the “reasonable consumer” makes purchasing decisions. The authors of the article discuss the importance of surveys to establish a basis for causation and damages, and several legal decisions on the very issue. With false labeling class actions on the rise, rigorously designed surveys can provide contextual clues needed to explain how the “reasonable consumer” makes purchasing decisions. In recent years, filings for food and beverage class actions have grown, especially those…
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FTC Proposes Rule to Ban Non-Competes On January 5, 2023, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) that, if adopted, would functionally serve as a complete ban on non-compete clauses and contractual provisions or employment policies that have a similar effect with limited exception. The 60-day comment period runs through March 7, 2023. On January 5, 2023, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) that, if adopted, would functionally serve as a complete ban on non-compete clauses and contractual provisions or employment policies that have a similar effect with limited…
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Their Changing Roles and Responsibilities The Frye and Daubert decisions shook the legal world and the standards enunciated also shook the valuation world. In this article, the author shares some recent Maryland developments and surmises that there may be more changes coming that will affect the role of lawyers, judges and experts. In my 30 years as a Judge on three different Maryland Trial Courts and the last 16 years as a Senior Judge serving on two of those Trial Courts and one appellate Court conducting ADR, I have observed and experienced the changing roles of lawyers, judges, and experts…
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An Additional Consideration for Business Valuation and Forensic Accountants When Valuing a Company The Biometric Information Privacy Act (BIPA), 740 Ill. Comp. Stat. 14/1 et seq., is not just for Google and Facebook. While the technology giants have been sued for allegedly violating BIPA, so too have countless other companies. In the last few years, plaintiffs have sued hundreds, if not thousands, of companies across a range of industries for alleged violations of BIPA. The author discusses BIPA, liability that companies are exposed to for violating BIPA, and questions valuation analysts and forensic accountants must ascertain a company’s exposure to…
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Where to Start? In forensic accounting, whether litigation is contemplated or not, the key to the most reliable conclusion is starting with accurate and complete information. Under the best of circumstances, the primary source of this information is your client. On the other hand, when the person or entity you are requesting from is an adversary, there is little incentive for cooperation. Regardless of the side one is on, this article summarizes the various means of finding assets. In forensic accounting, whether litigation is contemplated or not, the key to the most reliable conclusion is starting with accurate and complete…
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Is Bankruptcy the Next Stop and is a “Fresh Start” Available for Amber Heard? The well-publicized defamation case of Johnny Depp and Amber Heard resulted in a substantial judgment against Heard. Setting off the amount awarded to Depp, Heard will be liable for approximately $8 million in compensatory and punitive damages. If Heard files for relief under bankruptcy law, is that judgment dischargeable? What can Johnny Depp do if that arises to protect his interest? This article discusses substantive issues that may arise if that were to occur. A fundamental concept of American bankruptcy law is to provide a “fresh…
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A Review of the Basics for Lost Profits (Part III) This is the third installment of this series. The first part provided an overall introduction to this review of the basics for lost profits. The second part reviewed the similarities and differences between estimating lost profits and litigious based business valuations. This installment takes a deeper look into the methods for calculating lost profits. Four methods based on the “but for” theory are examined. The discussion of each methodology highlights the approaches taken for calculating lost profits and weaknesses or concerns that arise with each method. Read Part I Here…
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The Statute of Elizabeth Lives On The Sandy Hook school massacre is the subject of multiple pending litigations commenced by the families of students killed in the tragedy. Alt-right radio show host and prominent conspiracy theorist, Alex Jones, is the main target of these actions following years of broadcasting that the shooting was a hoax. The initial actions are based on allegations of defamation and intentional infliction of emotional distress. Unfortunately, the entry of this judgment against Jones is not the end of the legal battle for the plaintiffs as they are now faced with the harsh reality that Jones…
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Strategies for Resolving Litigation Disputes The cryptocurrency market is down approximately 57 percent for the year as of the time of this writing. For many, this news may bring a feeling of JOMO (Joy of Missing Out). For practitioners involved with crypto-litigation, however, it just further complicates a complex subject matter. This article explores the considerations and strategies to help resolve these types of cases during times of uncertainty, including financial forensics, asset divisions, income, taxes, and other topics. Each of these are discussed below. The cryptocurrency market is down approximately 57 percent for the year as of the time…
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In Collaborative Practice Collaborative practice differs from arbitration, where a “private” judge decides the matter. It also differs from mediation where a mediator tries to steer/cajole the parties to a settlement. Under collaborative practice, the parties to a dispute, supported by a team, work together to reach a settlement that works for them. This article discusses the elements of collaborative practice and provides two examples of how this process has been used. Some of you may be familiar with the concept of collaborative practice, also referred to as collaborative law. Collaborative practice is a voluntary structured dispute resolution process in…
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Conclusory Conclusions and Opinionated Opinions Tests of Time While there is usually more than one reason that something bad occurs, it is often standard setters or practitioners that are rightfully or wrongfully accused of actions or inactions that may or do have a detrimental impact on an industry, case, business, or even members of a protected class. This twelfth article of the unimpeachable neutrality series will further define the newly thingified concept of a “mechanism of compliance” and emphasize why standard setters, parents, and employers should never make a rule without a provable, measurable, and defendable mechanism of compliance. I…
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An Outline for Making Awards Useful and Final (Part III of III) Appraisal is a frequently used and often maligned method to adjudicate disputes in the property insurance world. Typically, appraisal is used for the purposes of evaluation only and will not bring finality to a claim in which coverage, or, in certain jurisdictions, causation is also being disputed. Although the perceived advantages of appraisal versus litigation are that it is considered fast, inexpensive, and relatively final, the appraisal process is often criticized because of unpredictable awards that are not helpful in settling a disputed claim and, in some cases,…
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Conclusory Conclusions and Opinionated Opinions Tests of Time The current valuation environment tends to be more about supporting the conclusion of value based upon the chosen approach and methodology with consideration of all three approach to business valuation far too often involving little more than the analyst placing a wet finger in the air and saying “ah yes, a discounted cash flow.” This eleventh article of the Unimpeachable Neutrality series discusses the need for abductive inferences when valuing a business and delineates conclusory conclusions, opinionated opinions, and concluded opinions of value. I have a business that I would like to…
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An Outline for Making Awards Useful and Final (Part II of III) Appraisal is a frequently used and often maligned method to adjudicate disputes in the property insurance world. Typically, appraisal is used for the purposes of evaluation only and will not bring finality to a claim in which coverage, or, in certain jurisdictions, causation is also being disputed. Although the perceived advantages of appraisal versus litigation are that it is considered fast, inexpensive, and relatively final, the appraisal process is often criticized because of unpredictable awards that are not helpful in settling a disputed claim and, in some cases,…
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A Review of the Basics for Lost Profits (Part II) In this second part of our series reviewing the basics for lost profits, we will contrast the differences between valuing a lost business and calculating an ongoing business’s lost profits. Because many experts calculating lost profits also provide business valuations, both in and out of litigation, it is good to be reminded of the similarities and differences between these two approaches when assessing commercial damages. In this article, we review five key categories that separate the approaches for calculating lost profits from valuing a lost business. It also is a…
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Guidelines for Resolving Disputes in First Party Property Insurance Claims (Part I of III) Appraisal is a frequently used and often maligned method to adjudicate disputes in the property insurance world. Typically, appraisal is used for the purposes of evaluation only and will not bring finality to a claim in which coverage, or, in certain jurisdictions, causation is also being disputed. Although the perceived advantages of appraisal versus litigation are that it is considered fast, inexpensive, and relatively final, the appraisal process is often criticized because of unpredictable awards that are not helpful in settling a disputed claim and, in…
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A Review of the Basics for Lost Profits (Part I) Those who have worked in the forensic field for many years begin to take for granted how we approach and handle certain situations. We have a level of knowledge and experience that lets us move forward without much research. But, with this level of experience and understanding comes a level of forgetfulness. Not that we forget how to perform the analysis, but we forget why we need to perform an analysis a certain way. I believe it is good from time to time to stop and ask, “Why do we…
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Targeting Construction and Real Estate Industries It has become commonplace in the real estate and construction industry to make electronic, digital, and wired payments, especially with the very large sums that are often transferred. With paper checks disappearing, cybercriminals are now targeting these industries—victimizing both payors and payees—and causing significant financial tension and reputational harm. As evidenced by a recent FBI bulletin specifically warning the construction industry, fraudsters have become increasingly sophisticated, hacking into e-mail servers, posing as escrow agents or company employees, intercepting wire transfers before the payee or payor even realize it. The author discusses the schemes that…
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Calculating Lost Revenue Lost profit damages are calculated when a plaintiff’s business alleges that the defendant’s actions impaired its operations in some manner. Determining lost revenues is a critical component in calculating lost profits. Lost profits are based primarily on lost revenues net of the cost associated with generating the lost revenues (saved and/or extra operating expenses can be additional components to lost profits). This article will discuss some of the most common methods used to calculate lost revenues and the importance of facts and data supporting such calculations. Introduction Lost profit damages are calculated when a plaintiff’s business alleges…
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and Credentialing Organizations The author in this article discusses cases where members of credentialing organizations sue the organization for injunctive relief and monetary damages. He discusses the role of the arbitrator and causes that appear to prompt members to pursue redress through the court once sanctioned. Introduction As I mentioned in my first article for QuickRead, my experience as an Arbitrator includes presiding over three disputes between aggrieved members, as well as an aggrieved, expelled member of more than one credentialing organization, fortunately not including NACVA. These disgruntled and disciplined members sued for both injunctive and monetary relief. In the…