Fresenius is the First (General) MAC in Delaware History (Part II of II) This is a follow-up article about the first seller that successfully terminated a deal in Delaware due to a MAC clause. The previous article addressed the General MAC clause. This article addresses the Regulatory MAC clause. Introduction This is a follow-up article about the first seller that successfully terminated a deal in Delaware due to a Material Adverse Change (MAC) clause. The previous article addressed the General MAC clause. This article addresses the Regulatory MAC clause. Recap of the Dispute This case is about a merger agreement…
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Fresenius is the First (General) MAC in Delaware History (Part I of II) What did Big Foot, the Loch Ness Monster, aliens at Area 51, and Material Adverse Changes (MACs) in Delaware used to have in common? They all allegedly existed but their existence was never proven. That recently changed with a Delaware Chancery Court judge’s 246-page decision in October 2018 that was affirmed by the Delaware Supreme Court in December 2018. Fresenius is the first time a buyer successfully terminated a deal due to a MAC clause in a Delaware court. This (and a follow-up) article summarizes the key…
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Fair Value Not Based on the Merger Price (Part II of II) This is the second of a two-part article (read part one here) that focuses on the SWS Group, Inc. case and the interplay between merger price and fair value. In earlier cases, the Delaware Court of Chancery rejected a merger price indication in favor of its own discounted cash flow analysis. Yet, in the SWS Group, Inc. appraisal decision, instead of a decision supporting a higher fair value, the court ultimately found that the merger price was too high. This ruling highlights the risk of an arbitrage appraisal…
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Fair Value Not Based on the Merger Price, Part I of II This is a two-part article that focuses on the SWS Group Inc. case and the interplay between merger price and fair value. In earlier cases the Delaware Court of Chancery rejected a merger price indication in favor of its own discounted cash flow analysis. Yet, in the SWS Group, Inc., appraisal decision, instead of a decision supporting a higher fair value, the court ultimately found that the merger price was too high. This ruling highlights the risk of an arbitrage appraisal strategy and may give dissenting shareholders something…
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Case Law Four cases are presented in this article that provide valuation, litigation support professionals, and M&A advisors insight regarding how courts are addressing damages claims, challenges to experts, appraisal action challenges, and claims of fraud and breach of contract in connection with M&A transactions. Although the cases are from Delaware and California, they provide insight for readers to use in their practices.
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Now, which approach should one use to value a business? The Delaware Chancery Court in Huff was asked to determine the fair value of shares. The case pitted well-known industry experts, Robert Reilly, of Willamette Management, against Jeffrey Cohen. Each presented different opinions as to fair value. The court decided that the merger price was the fair value. The opinion raises a number of questions including, implicitly, what is fair value, what role, if any, valuation professionals have in this type of case, and what are we, as valuation professionals, supposed to do in this type of statutory engagement?