Don’t Say That! What is protected communications in one jurisdiction might be discoverable in another. Yet, many expert witnesses draft e-mails as if their words will never see the light of a courtroom projector. The author shares what she has experienced and makes suggestions. Words live forever, especially when they are typed into e-mails during litigation. As an expert witness, your casual Monday morning ...

Pearls Clutched, Loaded, and Now AI-Augmented The hired guns now have AI, and they are even more convincing at making the truth sound like a lie and a lie sound like the gospel. This 23rd article in the Unimpeachable Neutrality Series revisits and revolutionizes the art of the rebuttal in an age where AI has become both sword and shield in the expert witness arena. This 23rd article in the Unimpeachable Neu ...

Creative Cash Flow Analysis for Bankruptcy Assignment Earlier this year, the author received a business bankruptcy assignment which called for assessing the cash flow for a particular asset in a bankrupt estate and how the circumstances of the estate affected the value of that particular asset. As this assignment continued through testimony and the judge’s ruling, the author wanted to share his experience. ...

For International Arbitration Proceedings This article highlights key valuation issues that are debated during arbitrations, which we have faced on numerous occasions. Some of the most important ones that come up during the quantification of economic damages in international arbitration are biases in financial projections, questions about discount rate, and some secondary concerns. Introduction Economic dam ...

Ethical AI Parameters for Valuation Professionals In the world of valuation, particularly at the intersection of professional judgement and AI, this 21st article of the Unimpeachable Neutrality Series begs the question now facing us: what kind of AI guardrails should exist? And how do we keep them from becoming runaway lanes, or worse, launchpads, into unintended consequences? There is something charming ab ...

Increased Misuse and Sophistication of AI to Commit Digital Fraud The level of sophistication used by fraudsters continues to increase. Fraudsters are using voice recognition and voice swapping, as well as other generative AI tools that continue to evolve. It is critical to constantly reassess internal controls and understand how AI is used and misused. In this article, the author shares some of the schemes ...

For Preventing Fraud and Driving Business Growth The importance of strong internal controls cannot be overstated. They form the foundation for financial integrity, operational efficiency, regulatory compliance, and, ultimately, long-term business success. This article explores how strong internal controls not only safeguard against fraud but also serve as a catalyst for business growth and sustainability. I ...

From a Forensic Expert’s Perspective The authors share personal stories regarding the challenges they have faced in cases that involve people with diagnosed and undiagnosed narcissists disorders. Men and women with this disorder are especially challenging and the authors share what they have learned to mitigate the damage a person with this disorder may have in a case. My (Michele’s) path into the world of ...

A Review of the U.S. Supreme Court’s Pfeifer Decision For those interested in working in the personal damages area, a review of the U.S. Supreme Courts’ Pfeifer decision is essential. It provides a great outline as to what the courts expect from an expert’s work. This article reviews the Pfeifer decision and the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals’ Culver II decision, which expands on the definitions for discoun ...

Court Dismisses Accounting Expert’s Testimony in Packaging Lawsuit Daubert motions are commonly raised to exclude experts. In this article, the author underscores the importance of questioning a client’s representations and documenting the basis for damages calculations. The failure to do so exposes the expert to challenges on the basis that the opinion is flawed because it is based on speculation and quest ...

Trust but Authenticate This 20th article in the Unimpeachable Neutrality series explores why and how valuation and forensic accounting experts may need to evolve toward a new standard: unimpeachable certainty. Neutrality, once the highest standard of expert credibility, must now be supplemented with verifiable authentication practices to ensure that expert conclusions are not built upon fabricated realities ...

(With the Help of ChatGPT) In this article, the author provides three versions of a data retention policy that appears compliant with GDPR or NIST. After taking NACVA’s cybersecurity course, a student reached out to me asking for a Data Retention Policy template that would be compliant with the statutes and frameworks discussed in the course, such as the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST ...

Inside the Expert Battle Over Kroger’s Pharmacy Discounts What does “usual and customary price” mean? How does a plaintiff challenge such a broad assertion in a class action? What will a defendant assert to discredit a plaintiff’s expert? This article discusses the Daubert motion brought forth in Kirkbride v. The Kroger Co. and provides notice to how a challenge may unfold in other class action suits that h ...

Forecasting Errors One of the common pitfalls in applying the income approach is committing forecasting errors. To understand the impact of this error, this article discusses the importance of the income approach in business valuations and areas that require careful evaluation. One of the common pitfalls in applying the income approach is committing forecasting errors. To understand the impact of this error ...

What is an Injured Party Worth? The Forensic and Valuation Services division of the AICPA and CIMA issued a Practice Aid in 2020 on Measuring Damages Involving Individuals. This Practice Aid supersedes AICPA Forensic and Valuation Services Practice Aid 98-2, Calculation of Damages from Personal Injury, Wrongful Death, and Employment Discrimination. This NACVA QuickRead article provides a summary of the upda ...

Is AI the Death of Professional Judgment or its Reincarnation Only with careful oversight and the application of seasoned professional judgment can AI deliver results that are not only accurate but also defensible and unimpeachably neutral. This article in the Unimpeachable Neutrality Series explores the indispensable role of professional judgment, particularly as it intertwines with the capabilities of AI. ...

What are a Self-Employed Person’s Earnings? What are Their Profits? This article will discuss some of the unique factors relating to assessing lost profits for self-employed operated businesses. As examples, two extremes will be discussed. These extremes provide virtual bookends when assessing a claim of lost profits by a self-employed person. The first addresses a self-employed person who reports his/her i ...

Are You Prepared for the Outcome? What can parties in a litigation case do when the experts come to differing opinions of value? The authors share ways that parties and counsel can reconcile the differences or at least reduce the value gap. It sounds great—if the valuation experts can resolve their differences, a trial might be avoided, saving time and money. This strategy is not without peril, and clients ...

Speaking from Experience Mediation aims for parties to mutually resolve their dispute. Unlike litigation and arbitration, there is no trier of fact that determines the conclusion of a dispute. Instead, the mediator, a neutral third party, tries to help all parties meet at an amicable middle ground, which can be done through creative means of communication, collaboration and problem solving. The author share ...

When to Use in Litigation Assignments In a recent engagement, the author was asked to prepare a lost business analysis for an operating business. In this article, the author discusses when a lost profits vis-à-vis a lost business analysis is best suited.  Recently, I received a call from a new client. That is, I spoke with an attorney with whom I had worked in the past. He wanted to hire me to assess damage ...