This past summer, the firm of Pluris Valuation Advisors LLC released a detailed white paper on the valuation of life insurance. According to the authors, when valuing life insurance or life insurance-linked instruments such as split-dollar collateral assignment receivables or split-dollar promissory notes, there are only three elements of Fair Market Value. These include: Illustrations from the insurance company projecting expenses, premiums and cash values The mortality rates applicable to the insured life as of the valuation date The discount rates applicable to the cash flows from the policy as of any given year. The full report, Life Insurance: Mortality…
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Opinions are like viewpoints; everyone has one Opinions are often provided in connection with calculation values and a conclusion of value. SSVS No. 1 does not prohibit or explicitly endorse either. In this article, Jim Hitchner shares his views on whether the term “opinion”―offered in a litigation or non-litigation engagement—should be used as part of the engagement or offered in connection with a calculated value.
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Reminder to NACVA members of new opportunity This article calls attention to the fact that NACVA members and other business valuation practitioners once again have the opportunity to take advantage of the many additional benefits of belonging to the Institute of Business Appraisers (IBA), an affiliate of NACVA.
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In the early days of the scandal surrounding LA Clippers owner, Donald Sterling, certain terms of his punishment by the NBA were a given. What no one was sure of was whether or not he would be forced to sell the team. As speculation turned into fact, it seemed as if valuation estimates for the team were coming out of the woodwork. Some said the team price tag could go as high as $1 billion. Earlier in the year, Forbes set an estimate at $575 million. Incredibly, the team was sold to former Microsoft CEO, Steve Ballmer, for $2…
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The impact on shareholder value Knowing the value of a business and delivering real value to a client company entails far more than using EBITDA multiples or going along with a rule of thumb to keep the peace. As professionals, valuators must be far more rigorous in their engagements, and focus on delivering value. The obligation to identify, measure, manage, and mitigate the risks are their responsibility. In this candid analysis, Dr. Carl Sheeler shares some insights, based on his 1,000+ engagements, where he has found problems that led to disputes, misalignment of expectations, and company-specific risks that impair value…
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Now that we’re six years into the Great Recession, financial experts tell us that the stock market is booming, and the economy is once again robust. Strangely, the vast majority of Americans aren’t sharing in this so-called recovery and the benefits of it are virtually non-existent, unless you look at the top 0.1% of wage-earners in the country, namely the CEOs of major corporations. Profitability and stock price increases are going through the roof and yet, none of this largesse is filtering down to employees or translating into product innovation or improved quality. How can that be? In an…
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What This Means for Appraisers In a new twist involving litigation that impacts valuation analysts, on June 11, 2014, the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals upheld the Tax Court’s valuation of a historic preservation façade conservation easement, but vacated the Tax Court’s imposition of a gross undervaluation penalty. The latest ruling, as Joe Brophy explains, raises a host of new issues.
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In spite of the current economic climate, a recent survey from the American Institute of CPAs (AICPA) showed that 54 percent of valuation professionals expected a 10 to 50 percent increase in the demand for their services over the next two to five years. These results are part of the 2014 AICPA Survey on International Trends in Forensic and Valuation Services. Forensic experts were even more optimistic about their future as 76 percent expected a healthy increase in business, mostly due to a rise in litigation and regulatory oversight. Electronic data analysis was voted the number one issue facing…
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Know your data! Understanding the data that is applied in an analysis is important. Data that relies on standard industrial classification (SIC) codes can be misleading for industries that have changed—or did not exist—in 1987. As business models and industries evolve, it pays, as Bob Bridges explains in this article, to do a closer analysis.
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The valuation of customer relationships can be somewhat of a gray area for valuators. In many cases, the common valuation methodologies don’t apply, and the professional neglects to consider whether the determined value is consistent with a market participant’s perspective. While it’s become routine to assume customer relationships are a primary asset, this is not the case across all industries. In a short, but informative report by Valuation Research Corporation, valuators are encouraged to approach customer relationship valuation from a new perspective and cautioned to not overlook the fact that customers often purchase products because of the presence of intellectual…
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Calculation engagements require development standards A proper calculation engagement requires planning, mutually agreed upon procedures, and adherence to professional standards. Otherwise, the valuation analyst and firm risk damaging their good name and reputation.
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Reconciling compliance with multi-agency valuation standards While standards exist to uphold the integrity of business valuation, multi-credentialed professionals can face a daunting task when trying to compare and comply with all guidelines across the spectrum of issuing agencies. This article seeks to root out possible conflicts and create clarity among standards so valuators may perform with less effort and more accuracy.
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According to a recent article in The Appraisal Journal, industry sales among the 616,098 restaurants in the U.S. totaled $425.6 billion in 2012. Chain restaurants make up nearly 45% of the industry population in the U.S., and at a growth rate of 2.2% are expected to overtake independent establishments by 2023. Between 2010 and 2012, 22,000 restaurants were sold for a total of almost $11 billion. The article examines the projected growth rate for the restaurant sector, as well as the valuation methods that need to be employed based on whether the establishment is part of a chain, a…
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When the usual approaches won’t work Technology and innovation expert and professor, Tim Swift, proposes an alternative to the traditional Market, Income, and Cost approaches to valuing a patent portfolio.
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Deviations for biased cash flows Cash flows vary, and traditional approaches need to take into consideration the downside or cessation probability; otherwise, the value of the entity is overstated. Setting the probabilities of “downside” and “cessation” risk drives the appraiser’s efforts in adjusting for biased cash flows. This article presents an approach that can be used to adjust the cash flow.
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In case you missed it, Z. Christopher Mercer, ASA, CFA, ABAR, founder and CEO of Mercer Capital, was the keynote speaker at the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers (AAML) and the American Institute of CPAs (AICPA) 2014 bi-annual joint conference this year. His presentation concerned The Five Really Big Valuation Issues. They included: 1.) discount rates, 2.) control premiums and minority interest discounts, 3.) adjustments to the income statement, 4.) the Guideline Public Company Method and the Guideline Transaction Method, and 5.) fundamental adjustments. The presentation also touched on marketability discounts. You can visit Mercer Capital at the link…
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Think like an investor, not an accountant! If fair market value is to determine investor expectations and equity risk; then why do these factors receive limited or no consideration when opining on the level of impairments (investor concessions) ubiquitously referred to ask discounts? This article addresses the business risks associated with asset-holding companies’ equity that should be considered and reported when preparing a valuation report.
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Ways to prevent costly misunderstandings One of the most important documents valuation, forensics, and litigation support experts produce is the engagement letter. Just as you painstakingly explain what your firm plans to do, it’s also imperative to explain what the client needs to do.
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Reimbursements from insurers, made to healthcare facilities for the care they administer, are an essential part of the valuation of hospitals, clinics, outpatient care centers and other facilities. As if that exchange wasn’t complicated enough, it’s about to go through another transition that very well may impact the valuation of all healthcare institutions. According to a new white paper released by McKesson, the existing fee-for-service model will be phased out by a new “value-based” payment model within five years. The survey, commissioned by McKesson and conducted by ORC International, estimates that by 2020, nearly 70 percent of reimbursements will…
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Do shareholders and boards have a reason to be concerned when a CEO separates or gets divorced? This is the question being asked in a fascinating white paper titled, Separation Anxiety: The impact of divorce on shareholders by David F. Larcker, Allan L. McCall and Brian Tayar of Stanford University Graduate Business School. The paper is part of the Rock Center for Corporate Governance at Stanford University Closer Look Series: Topics, Issues and Controversies in Corporate Governance and Leadership. Under investigation are three potential ways in which a CEO divorce might impact a corporation and its shareholders. These include:…