The Black Scholes Model The true value of a stock option is often greater than its intrinsic value. This article takes a theoretical approach to valuation that focuses on the time value of money with the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model. ...

When is it appropriate for highway/heavy construction contractors? This article discusses the appropriateness of using the Asset-Based Approach for minority interests in companies where that approach results in higher value than the Income or Market Approach. ...

A view of the use and limits of option models (Part 2 of 2) Option pricing models (OPMs) are increasingly used to estimate the discount for lack of marketability (DLOM) in the business valuation profession. Some analysts disagree about whether OPMs are applicable for estimating the DLOM. Since OPMs were originally derived to determine option prices for publicly traded securities, many analysts question the ...

A help or hinderance? On July 1, 2013, FASB issued exposure drafts calling for public commentary on three proposals that address private company stakeholder concerns. Two proposals involve accounting for identifiable intangible assets and goodwill acquired in business combinations. In this article, Mark Zyla analyzes the proposed changes, including potential concerns, and their far-reaching impact on the in ...

Continued consolidations among healthcare providers and suppliers  David Jasmund examines the effect the Affordable Care Act (ACA) is having on mergers and acquisitions across the healthcare service and supply sector. Using Third Quarter data, Jasmund displays where the opportunities and challenges are occurring within the overall industry. ...

How long will it last? Dividend recapitalizations provide a mechanism for owners, including private equity firms, to return capital to them (the investors) in lieu of an outright sale. The article discusses trends, the reasons for recapitalizing, and suggests what characteristics to look for when considering this technique. ...

Reality TV offers more than entertainment Reality turnaround TV shows provide valuators lessons that go a long way toward improving their consulting and valuation skills, and client deliverable. Those lessons could result in more opportunities and greater credibility. ...

Summary and Solutions Morningstar announced in September 2013  it will discontinue publishing the SBBI Valuation Yearbook, but that it will continue to publish the Ibbotson SBBI Classic Yearbook.  James Harrington, who was previously director of business valuation research in Morningstar's Financial Communications Business, provides a summary of which data is being discontinued and continued, along with a d ...

Beyond an all-or-nothing approach This overview examines the circumstances under which S corporations may or may not be tax affected. Particular emphasis is placed on family law engagements, which do not always involve a consistently defined standard of value, which creates much confusion for valuation analysts. ...

Reconstructing gross profits Mr. Kremer provides an overview of the techniques utilized in a shareholder oppression action where he was engaged to calculate the fair market value of the company. The challenge in this forensic and valuation engagement was that the company collected a substantial portion of the revenues in cash, and the reporting did not appear to be accurate. ...

A review of BVR’s Guide to Discounts for Lack of Marketability. If you are looking for a comprehensive source of information about the DLOM and the cases that business appraisers consider for confirmation of a method, look no further than BVR's Guide to Discounts for Lack of Marketability, Fifth Edition by John Stockdale, Sr. ...

The standard 10 stages to use in an intangible asset engagement In this second installment, Robert F. Reilly completes his review of the 10 typical stages of any intangible asset analysis engagement. For purposes of this article, an intangible asset analysis may include a valuation, damages analysis, transfer price study, or other economic analysis. The business appraiser will typically consider these stage ...

A rough ride This article examines recent state legislation in Georgia that requires entertainment production companies and their payroll providers to withhold state income tax on payments made to loan-out companies as a prerequisite to claiming tax credits. Peter Stathopoulos examines the difficult transition involved with this legislation that may spawn similar proposals in other states that host a large ...

Structured settlements are a useful tool, but not always advisable! There is plenty of acrimony in marital dissolutions. One way to possibly address the financial concerns of all and reduce acrimony is to consider the use of a structured settlement. A structured settlement replaces one lump payment with smaller payouts over time. It’s a concept frequently used in workers’ compensation or tort cases, but mor ...

Understanding this critical element in a buy-sell agreement Traditionally, business appraisers retained for buy-sell agreements are bound to perform their services within the specific value structure of the contract. When the valuation process is involved in such agreements, it’s essential for estate planners to understand the defining valuation elements involved, particularly the level of value. ...

Equity creditor appointment standards and lessons for hiring business valuation professionals from Kodak’s bankruptcy This article provides an overview of the Eastman Kodak bankruptcy case and focuses on the standard a bankruptcy court will use deciding whether to appoint an official equity creditors' committee. It also explains why the bankruptcy court granted Kodak’s motion in limine to exclude‒under Daub ...

Equity funds now able to engage in mass advertising In just a few days, the ban that prevents private equity funds from marketing directly to the public will be lifted. A recent review by Michelle Park of Crain’s Cleveland Business examines what this might mean for various private equity and venture capital funds and their future customers. ...

Forensic accountants are key in the division of marital property in divorce. Forensic analysts in marital litigation support must understand the nuances of jurisdiction. Going beyond the normal practice of tracing, this overview explores three additional approaches that are essential to reclassify property formerly thought of as separate to marital property. ...

Giving holders of concentrated risk in public company stock a tax break This article establishes there is recognition by the IRS and the courts that a well-supported proof of impairment based on the sale of a large number of shares necessitates an investor concession. It provides the rationale and methodology to capture the existence and the level of impairment. ...

In re Bachrach: the U.S. Bankruptcy Court comments on the discounted cash flow and experts’ reports The discounted cash flow analysis (DCF) has been a standard valuation and damages method for many years. However, a U.S. Bankruptcy Court recently suggested that the “striking” disparity between experts’ conclusions in a case before the court “lends credibility to the concept that the discounted cash flow met ...